El cancro al colon el vien diagnosticà co na conbinasion de prove e procedure, che łe pol includer:
1. Esame fisico: Un dotor el farà un esame fisico par verificar eventuałi anormałità o segni de malatia.
2. Esami del sangue: I esami del sangue i pol jutar a determinar se ghe xe qualche anormałità nel sangue che ła posa indicar ła presensa de un cancro.
3. Esami de feci: Un esame de feci pol rilevàr ła presenza de sangue nełe feci, che pol essar un segno de cancro al colon.
4. Colonoscopia: Questa xe 'na procedura dove un tubo sottiłe e flessibiłe co 'na luce e 'na telecamera ała fine vien inserìo nel retto pa esaminar el colon.
Durante 'na colonscopia, el dotor pol anca ciapar campioni de tesùo (biopsie) pa esar esaminà par vedar se ghe xe cellule cancerose.
5. Sigmoidoscopia: Simile a na colonoscopia, na sigmoidoscopia ła esamina a parte inferior del colon.
6. Colonoscopia virtuale: Questa xe na tomografia computerixada del colon che crea na imagine 3D del colon e del retto.
7. Esame del sangue oculto nełe feci:'sto esame el controła ła presenza de sangue nełe feci, che pol indicar ła presenza de cancro.
8. El clistere de bario a dopio contrasto: xe un esame a raggi X del colon e del retto, dove se usa un material de contrasto pa evidensiar eventuałi anormałità.
9. Biopsia: 'Na biopsia xe ła rimozsion de 'na picenina quantità de tesùo dal colon par esar esaminà al microscopio par determinar se ghe xe sèłułe cancerose.
10. Esami de imaging: se pol far tomografie computerizade, RM e radiografie del torace pa vedar se el cancro se ga sparso in altre parti del corpo.
Na volta che xe stà fato un diagnostico de cancro al colon, el dotor determinarà el stadio del cancro, che el jutarà a determinàr el mejo tratamento.
El stadio el se basa suła dimension e ła locałixasion del tumore, e se el se ga sparso in altre parti del corpo.
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How is colon cancer diagnosed?
Colon cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Physical examination: A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for any abnormalities or signs of illness.
2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine if there are any abnormalities in the blood that may indicate the presence of cancer.
3. Stool tests: A stool test can detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may be a sign of colon cancer.
4. Colonoscopy: This is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon.
During a colonoscopy, the doctor can also take tissue samples (biopsies) to be examined for cancer cells.
5. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines the lower part of the colon.
6. Virtual colonoscopy: This is a CT scan of the colon that creates a 3D image of the colon and rectum.
7. Fecal occult blood test: This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer.
8. Double-contrast barium enema: This is an x-ray examination of the colon and rectum, in which a contrast material is used to highlight any abnormalities.
9. Biopsy: A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue from the colon for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
10. Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI scans, and chest x-rays may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of colon cancer is made, the doctor will determine the stage of the cancer, which helps determine the best course of treatment.
Staging is based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as whether it has spread to other parts of the body.
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