How is Colon cancer diagnosed?

Paonan-o gin-aaram an kanser ha colon?

An kanser ha colon gin-diagnose pinaagi hin mga pagsari ngan proseso, nga bangin nag-uupod han:

1. Pag-eksamin ha Lawas: An doktor mag-eksamin ha lawas basi usisahon an bisan ano nga diri normal o mga tigaman han sakit.

2. Pag-eksamin ha dugo: An mga pag-eksamin ha dugo makakabulig ha paghibaro kon may-ada mga abnormalidad ha dugo nga bangin nagpapasabot han kanser.

3. Mga pagsari ha hugaw: An pagsari ha hugaw mahimo magpakita hin dugo ha hugaw, nga mahimo magin tigaman han kanser ha colon.

4. Colonoscopy: Ini an paagi diin an manipis, nabag-o nga tubo nga may suga ngan kamera ha kataposan iginbubutang ha rectum basi usisahon an colon.

Durante han colonoscopy, mahimo liwat magkuha an doktor hin mga tissue sample (biopsy) basi usisahon kon may-ada ba kanser.

5. Sigmoidoscopy: Pariho ha colonoscopy, gin-uusisa han sigmoidoscopy an uruubos nga bahin han colon.

6. Virtual colonoscopy: Ini an CT scan han colon nga nagbubuhat hin 3D nga retrato han colon ngan rectum.

7. Pag-eksamin ha dugo ha hugaw: Ini nga pag-eksamin nagsususi kon may-ada dugo ha hugaw, nga mahimo magpasabot hin kanser.

8. Double-contrast barium enema: Usa ini nga x-ray nga pag-eksamin ha colon ngan rectum, diin ginagamit an contrast material basi makita an bisan ano nga abnormalidad.

9. Biopsy: An biopsy amo an pagkuha hin gutiay nga tisyu tikang ha colon basi usisahon ha mikroskopyo basi hibaroan kon may-ada ba mga selyula han kanser.

10. Imaging nga mga eksaminasyon: An CT scan, MRI scan, ngan chest x-ray mahimo gamiton basi hibaroan kon nagsarang na an kanser ha iba nga bahin han lawas.

Kon na-diagnose na an kanser ha colon, an doktor an mag-uusisa kon ano nga yugto ito, ngan mabulig ito ha pagdesisyon kon ano an pinakamaopay nga pagtambal.

An pag-estadiyo iginbasar ha kadaku ngan lokasyon han tumor, sugad man kon nagsarang na ito ha iba nga bahin han lawas.

['Mga reperensya']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Su Y, Tian X, Gao R, Guo W, Chen C, Chen C, Jia D, Li H, Lv X: Colon cancer diagnosis and staging classification based on machine learning and bioinformatics analysis. Comput Biol Med. 2022, 145 (): 105409.

Khan FA, Albalawi R, Pottoo FH: Trends in targeted delivery of nanomaterials in colon cancer diagnosis and treatment. Med Res Rev. 2022, 42 (1): 227-258.

Shi J, Fei J, Yi Q, Shen L, Wan B, Chen Y, Chang Q: Treatment of colon cancer in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. BMC Cancer. 2018, 18 (1): 961.

Ren QG, Huang T, Yang SL, Hu JL: Colon cancer metastasis to the mandibular gingiva with partial occult squamous differentiation: A case report and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol. 2017, 6 (2): 189-192.

Feng HT, Zou S, Chen M, Xiong F, Lee MH, Fang L, Tang BZ: Tuning Push-Pull Electronic Effects of AIEgens to Boost the Theranostic Efficacy for Colon Cancer. J Am Chem Soc. 2020, 142 (26): 11442-11450.

Slattery ML, Kerber RA: The impact of family history of colon cancer on survival after diagnosis with colon cancer. Int J Epidemiol. 1995, 24 (5): 888-96.

Tada M: [Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer]. Rinsho Byori. 1990, 38 (4): 403-6.

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How is colon cancer diagnosed?

Colon cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:

1. Physical examination: A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for any abnormalities or signs of illness.

2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine if there are any abnormalities in the blood that may indicate the presence of cancer.

3. Stool tests: A stool test can detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may be a sign of colon cancer.

4. Colonoscopy: This is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon.

During a colonoscopy, the doctor can also take tissue samples (biopsies) to be examined for cancer cells.

5. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines the lower part of the colon.

6. Virtual colonoscopy: This is a CT scan of the colon that creates a 3D image of the colon and rectum.

7. Fecal occult blood test: This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer.

8. Double-contrast barium enema: This is an x-ray examination of the colon and rectum, in which a contrast material is used to highlight any abnormalities.

9. Biopsy: A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue from the colon for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.

10. Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI scans, and chest x-rays may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Once a diagnosis of colon cancer is made, the doctor will determine the stage of the cancer, which helps determine the best course of treatment.

Staging is based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as whether it has spread to other parts of the body.

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