Jàngoroy prostate dafay feeñ ci ay seetlu yu bari, yu ci mel ni:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): Doktoor dafay dugal baaraam bu ñu defare ay loxo, di ko diw ci biir rectum bi ngir seet ci mbëjfeppal bi ndax am na lu ko jaaxal.
2. Seetu antigen bu prostate (PSA): Seetu deret la buy natt tolluwaayu PSA, ab proteen bu prostate biy sàkk.
Ay tolluwaayu PSA yu kawe mën na wone ne am na jàngoroy prostate.
3. Ultrasound bu ñu defare ci biir buum gi (TRUS): Dañu koy defare ci biir buum gi ngir gis ni prostate bi mel ci ay baat.
Loolu mën na la dimbali nga xam lu am solo ci mbëjbijjaakon bi.
4. Biyospi: Dañuy jël benn tuuti ci yaram wi nekk ci prostate bi, seet ko ci mikroskob ngir gis ndax dafa am ay selilëer yuy law.
Lii mooy yoon wi gën a wóor ngir xam ndax am nga jàngoroy prostate.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Ab MRI bu prostate bi mën na la dimbali nga xam lu ko moy te mën a jiite sa biopsie.
6. Seetu gémmiñ: Ay doktoor dañuy jëfandikoo seetu gémmiñ ngir xam ni jàngoro ji di law, ngir mën a saytu ni ñu koy faj.
7. Xëtu yax: Xëtu yax lañuy jëfandikoo ngir seet ndax jàngoro ji law na ba ci yax yi.
8. Kompuutar tomograafi (CT): Kompuutar tomograafi lañu koy jëfandikoo ngir seet ndax jàngoro ji law na ba ci yeneen céri yaram walla ay céri yaram.
Li am solo mooy xam ne du góor yépp ñi am PSA bu kawe walla DRE bu doy waar ñoo am jàngoroy prostate, te du jàngoroy prostate yépp yiy tax PSA bi yokku.
Kon, ab biopsi dafa am solo ngir dëggal jàngoro ji.
Te itam, ñu ngi jël dogal bi ñu bëgg a def ab biopsie gannaaw bu ñu seetloo li ñu gis ci seetlu yooyu ak li nit ki bëgg ak li koy tax a am ay jàngoro.
Saldova R, Fan Y, Fitzpatrick JM, Watson RW, Rudd PM: Core fucosylation and alpha2-3 sialylation in serum N-glycome is significantly increased in prostate cancer comparing to benign prostate hyperplasia. Glycobiology. 2011, 21 (2): 195-205.
Marenco J, Kasivisvanathan V, Emberton M: New standards in prostate biopsy. Arch Esp Urol. 2019, 72 (2): 142-149.
Moradi M, Mousavi P, Abolmaesumi P: Computer-aided diagnosis of prostate cancer with emphasis on ultrasound-based approaches: a review. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007, 33 (7): 1010-28.
Cuperlovic-Culf M, Belacel N, Davey M, Ouellette RJ: Multi-gene biomarker panel for reference free prostate cancer diagnosis: determination and independent validation. Biomarkers. 2010, 15 (8): 693-706.
McGrath SE, Michael A, Morgan R, Pandha H: EN2: a novel prostate cancer biomarker. Biomark Med. 2013, 7 (6): 893-901.
An Y, Chang W, Wang W, Wu H, Pu K, Wu A, Qin Z, Tao Y, Yue Z, Wang P, Wang Z: A novel tetrapeptide fluorescence sensor for early diagnosis of prostate cancer based on imaging Zn2+ in healthy versus cancerous cells. J Adv Res. 2020, 24 (): 363-370.
[Consensus of Chinese experts on the application of molecular imaging targeting prostate specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer patients]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2018, 56 (2): 91-94.
Zhong WD, He HC, Bi XC, Ou RB, Jiang SA, Liu LS: cDNA macroarray for analysis of gene expression profiles in prostate cancer. Chin Med J (Engl). 2006, 119 (7): 570-3.
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How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
Prostate cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any abnormalities.
2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland.
Elevated PSA levels may indicate the presence of prostate cancer.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): A small probe is inserted into the rectum to create an image of the prostate using sound waves.
This can help identify any abnormalities in the prostate gland.
4. Biopsy: A small sample of prostate tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells.
This is the only definitive way to diagnose prostate cancer.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI scan of the prostate can help identify any abnormalities and guide the biopsy procedure.
6. Genomic Testing: Some doctors may use genomic tests to help determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and guide treatment decisions.
7. Bone Scan: A bone scan may be performed to check if the cancer has spread to the bones.
8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan may be used to check if the cancer has spread to other organs or tissues.
It is important to note that not all men with elevated PSA levels or abnormal DRE results will have prostate cancer, and not all prostate cancers will cause elevated PSA levels.
Therefore, a biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Additionally, the decision to undergo a biopsy is made after considering the results of these tests and the individual's risk factors and preferences.
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