Orticaria, tí wọ́n tún ń pè ní hives, jẹ́ àìsàn tó máa ń yọjú sí awọ ara, èyí tó máa ń mú kí awọ ara pupa, ó sì máa ń gbóná.
Ọ̀pọ̀ nǹkan ló lè fa rẹ̀, títí kan àìsàn kan, àìsàn kan, àti àwọn oògùn kan.
Wọ́n máa ń ṣàyẹ̀wò ìtàn àìsàn, wọ́n máa ń ṣàyẹ̀wò ara wọn, wọ́n sì máa ń ṣe àyẹ̀wò nínú yàrá ìwádìí nígbà míì.
1. Ìtàn àìsàn: Dókítà yóò béèrè nípa ìtàn àìsàn aláìsàn náà, títí kan àwọn àrùn tí wọ́n mọ̀ pé ó ń fa àrùn, àwọn àìsàn tó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ṣàìsàn, àti àwọn oògùn tí wọ́n ń lo.
Wọ́n tún máa béèrè nípa bí àwọn àmì náà ṣe bẹ̀rẹ̀, bí wọ́n ṣe máa ń pẹ́ tó, àti ohun tó lè fa wọn.
2. Ìdánwò ara: Dókítà á ṣàyẹ̀wò awọ ara fún bóyá ó ní àwọn àlàfo, bí wọ́n ṣe tóbi tó, àti bí wọ́n ṣe pín sí.
Wọ́n tún lè ṣàyẹ̀wò bóyá àwọn àmì mìíràn tó fi hàn pé àrùn náà ti wáyé, irú bí ìrora ojú, ètè tàbí ahọ́n.
3. Àwọn àyẹ̀wò yàrá: Nígbà míì, dókítà lè pàṣẹ pé kí wọ́n ṣe àyẹ̀wò ẹ̀jẹ̀ kí wọ́n lè mọ bóyá àrùn tàbí àrùn kòkòrò kòkòrò wà.
A tún lè ṣe àyẹ̀wò awọ ara, irú bí àyẹ̀wò awọ ara tàbí àyẹ̀wò àlàfo, láti fi ṣàwárí àwọn èròjà allergens pàtó.
4. Àwọn àyẹ̀wò nípa àìsàn: Bí dókítà bá fura pé àìsàn kan ń ṣe é, ó lè darí aláìsàn náà lọ sọ́dọ̀ oníṣègùn tó mọ̀ nípa àìsàn náà kí wọ́n lè ṣe àyẹ̀wò sí i.
Èyí lè ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àyẹ̀wò awọ ara, àyẹ̀wò àlàfo, tàbí àyẹ̀wò ẹ̀jẹ̀ láti mọ àwọn ohun tó ń fa àrùn kan pàtó.
5. Ìyẹ̀wò àkànṣe: Dókítà náà tún máa gbé àwọn ohun mìíràn tó lè fa àwọn àmì náà yẹ̀ wò, irú bí àwọn àìsàn awọ ara mìíràn tàbí àwọn àìsàn míì, ó sì lè pàṣẹ pé kí wọ́n ṣe àwọn àyẹ̀wò àfikún láti yọ àwọn nǹkan wọ̀nyí kúrò.
6. Ìdánwò tí wọ́n máa ń ṣe: Nígbà tí àrùn urticaria bá ń wáyé, ìyẹn nígbà tí ooru, òtútù, tàbí ìnira bá mú kí àrùn náà wáyé, dókítà lè ṣe àyẹ̀wò tí wọ́n máa ń ṣe láti fi hàn pé àìsàn náà wà.
Èyí ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú fífi awọ ara hàn sí ohun tí wọ́n rò pé ó ń fa àrùn náà láti rí i bóyá ohun tó ń fa àrùn náà máa wáyé.
7. Àwọn àyẹ̀wò nípa àrùn autoimmune: Nígbà tí àrùn urticaria bá ń báni fínra, dókítà lè pàṣẹ pé kí wọ́n ṣe àyẹ̀wò láti mọ bóyá àrùn autoimmune wà, nítorí pé àwọn àrùn yìí ló lè fa àrùn náà nígbà míì.
8. Àwọn àyẹ̀wò àwòrán: Nínú àwọn ọ̀ràn tí kò wọ́pọ̀, a lè pàṣẹ pé kí wọ́n ṣe àwọn àyẹ̀wò àwòrán bíi X-ray tàbí CT scan láti yẹ àwọn àìsàn mìíràn tó lè fa àwọn àmì tó jọra sílẹ̀.
Ní gbogbo gbòò, kí wọ́n tó lè ṣàwárí àrùn urticaria, wọ́n ní láti ṣàyẹ̀wò ìtàn àìsàn, kí wọ́n ṣe àyẹ̀wò ara wọn, kí wọ́n sì ṣe àyẹ̀wò ilé ìwòsàn nígbà míì.
Àfojúsùn rẹ̀ ni láti mọ ohun tó ń fa àrùn náà, kó sì pinnu ìtọ́jú tó dára jù lọ fún aláìsàn náà.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
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How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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