Pathophysiology ti àtọgbẹ tọka si iwadi ti awọn ilana physiological ti o ni aiṣedede ti o yori si idagbasoke ti àtọgbẹ mellitus.
Àrùn àtọ̀gbẹ (diabetes mellitus) jẹ́ àwùjọ àwọn àìsàn tí wọ́n ń pè ní metabolic diseases tí wọ́n ń pè ní high blood sugar (glucose) tí wọ́n máa ń rí nínú ẹ̀jẹ̀ nítorí àléébù inú ẹ̀jẹ̀, àléébù inú ẹ̀jẹ̀, tàbí àwọn nǹkan méjèèjì.
Àwọn nǹkan tó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àbùdá, àyíká, àti ọ̀nà ìgbésí ayé ló máa ń fa àrùn àtọ̀gbẹ.
Nínú àrùn àtọ̀gbẹ oríṣi kìíní, àìsàn náà máa ń fa ìparun àwọn sẹ́ẹ̀lì beta tó ń mú èròjà insulin jáde nínú ikùn, èyí sì máa ń fa àìtó èròjà insulin.
Èyí máa ń mú kí kò ṣeé ṣe láti ṣàkóso ìwọ̀n glucose nínú ẹ̀jẹ̀, èyí sì máa ń yọrí sí hyperglycemia (ìwọ̀n ṣúgà tó ga nínú ẹ̀jẹ̀).
Nínú àrùn àtọ̀gbẹ oríṣi 2, pathophysiology jẹ ohun tó díjú gan-an, ó sì ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àtakò insulin àti àkóbá tí insulin máa ń fà.
Insulin resistance máa ń wáyé nígbà tí àwọn sẹ́ẹ̀lì ara kò bá fèsì bó ṣe yẹ sí insulin, èyí tó máa ń mú kí wọn ò lè lo glucose lọ́nà tó gbéṣẹ́ fún agbára.
Èyí máa ń mú kí ẹ̀jẹ̀ pancreas túbọ̀ máa ṣe insulin láti gbìyànjú láti borí àtakò náà, àmọ́ bí àkókò ti ń gorí àkókò, ẹ̀jẹ̀ pancreas lè máà lè bá a lọ, èyí á sì mú kí ẹ̀jẹ̀ insulin túbọ̀ máa dín kù.
Àrùn àtọ̀gbẹ tí wọ́n ń pè ní gestational diabetes, tó máa ń wáyé nígbà tí ọmọ bá lóyún, máa ń jẹ́ nítorí àwọn ìyípadà tó máa ń wáyé nínú àwọn èròjà inú ara tó máa ń mú kí àrùn insulin máà lágbára.
Àgùntàn máa ń ṣe àwọn èròjà hormone tó lè dí ìgbésẹ̀ insulin lọ́wọ́, èyí sì máa ń mú kí èròjà glucose tó wà nínú ẹ̀jẹ̀ pọ̀ sí i.
Àrùn àtọ̀gbẹ tún máa ń fa àwọn ohun tó ń fa àrùn àtọ̀gbẹ, irú bí ẹ̀jẹ̀ tó ń bà jẹ́ nínú ẹ̀jẹ̀, ọpọlọ, àti àwọn ẹ̀yà ara, èyí tó lè yọrí sí àwọn ìṣòro ìlera tó le gan-an bíi àrùn ọkàn, àrùn ọpọlọ, àìsàn ẹ̀dọ̀, àti pàdánù ojú.
Mímọ bí àrùn àtọ̀gbẹ ṣe ń wáyé ṣe pàtàkì gan-an kí wọ́n tó lè ṣe ìtọ́jú tó gbéṣẹ́ àti kí wọ́n lè dènà àrùn yìí.
Biochemistry and pathophysiology of diabetes. Proceedings of conference on pathophysiology and treatment of diabetes mellitus. 1990. Mol Cell Biochem. 1992, 109 (2): 97-204.
Surampudi PN, John-Kalarickal J, Fonseca VA: Emerging concepts in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mt Sinai J Med. 2009, 76 (3): 216-26.
Johnson D: Selected pathophysiology of diabetes. Semin Perioper Nurs. 1998, 7 (3): 164-78.
Hirsch IB: The changing faces of diabetes. Prim Care. 2003, 30 (3): 499-510.
Guthrie RA, Guthrie DW: Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Crit Care Nurs Q. , 27 (2): 113-25.
Felig P: Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Med Clin North Am. 1971, 55 (4): 821-34.
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Ìfọ̀rọ̀wérọ̀
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What is pathophysiology of diabetes?
Pathophysiology of diabetes refers to the study of the disordered physiological processes that lead to the development of diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels that result from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
The pathophysiology of diabetes involves the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors that contribute to the development of the disease.
In type 1 diabetes, the pathophysiology involves an autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to a deficiency in insulin production.
This results in an inability to regulate blood glucose levels, leading to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar).
In type 2 diabetes, the pathophysiology is more complex and involves both insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion.
Insulin resistance occurs when the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, leading to an inability to effectively use glucose for energy.
This causes the pancreas to produce more insulin to try to overcome the resistance, but over time, the pancreas may not be able to keep up with the demand, leading to a decrease in insulin production.
Gestational diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy, is caused by hormonal changes that lead to insulin resistance.
The placenta produces hormones that can block the action of insulin, leading to an increase in blood glucose levels.
The pathophysiology of diabetes also involves the development of complications, such as damage to blood vessels, nerves, and organs, which can lead to serious health problems like heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and vision loss.
Understanding the pathophysiology of diabetes is crucial for developing effective treatments and prevention strategies for this chronic disease.
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