結腸癌的診斷方法包括:
1. 身體檢查:醫生會檢查身體是否有異常或疾病跡象.
2. 血液檢查:血液檢查可幫助確定血液是否有任何異常,
便檢可以檢測到便中是否含有血液,
結腸鏡檢查:檢查結腸時, 將一根帶有光線和攝影機的柔軟管插入直腸.
醫生也可能採取組織樣本 (活組織樣本) 檢查是否有癌細胞.
像是結腸鏡檢查一樣,
虛擬結腸鏡檢查:這是結腸的CT掃描,
便秘血液檢查:檢查便中是否有血液,
兩種對比劑:使用對比劑檢查結腸和直腸,
生物檢查:從結腸中取出少量組織,
影像檢查:CT掃描,MRI掃描及胸部X光檢查可用於確定癌症是否已擴散至身體其他部位.
醫生會確定癌症的病期,
癌症分期是基於腫瘤的大小及部位,
PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html
RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116
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Colon cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Physical examination: A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for any abnormalities or signs of illness.
2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine if there are any abnormalities in the blood that may indicate the presence of cancer.
3. Stool tests: A stool test can detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may be a sign of colon cancer.
4. Colonoscopy: This is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon.
During a colonoscopy, the doctor can also take tissue samples (biopsies) to be examined for cancer cells.
5. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines the lower part of the colon.
6. Virtual colonoscopy: This is a CT scan of the colon that creates a 3D image of the colon and rectum.
7. Fecal occult blood test: This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer.
8. Double-contrast barium enema: This is an x-ray examination of the colon and rectum, in which a contrast material is used to highlight any abnormalities.
9. Biopsy: A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue from the colon for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
10. Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI scans, and chest x-rays may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of colon cancer is made, the doctor will determine the stage of the cancer, which helps determine the best course of treatment.
Staging is based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as whether it has spread to other parts of the body.
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