Kanker paru-paru didiagnosis melalui kombinasi tes dan prosedur, yang jeut mencakup:
1. Riwayat medis dan pemeriksaan fisik: Dokter akan tanyong tentang gejala, riwayat meumukah, dan riwayat keluarga kanker paru-paru.
Awaknyan akan ji lakukan pemeriksaan fisik untuk geu cek peu na tanda-tanda peunyaket.
2. tes pencitraan: sinar-X dada dan tomografi terkomputerisasi (CT) biasa jih dipakek untuk peuget gambar rinci paru-paru ngon struktur di sekitar jih.
Tes nyo jeut membantu mendeteksi kelainan, lage tumor atau nodul, yang jeut mengindikasikan adanya kanker paru-paru.
3. Sitologi dahak: Contoh dahak (lendir yang ditöh dari paru-paru) geu periksa di miyub mikroskop untuk mita sel kanker.
4. Biopsi: Contoh jaringan paru-paru dicok dan diteuliti di miyub mikroskop untuk ji peuteunte peu na sel kanker.
Nyo jeut dilakukan melalui bronkoskopi, biopsi jarum, atau biopsi bedah.
5. Bronkoskopi: Tabung tipis, bercahaya deungen kamera dipeutamong melalui idong atau babah dan turun ke tenggorokan untuk geu periksa saluran udara ngen paru-paru.
Prosedur nyo jeut chit dipakek untuk ji kumpulkan sampel jaringan untuk biopsi.
6. Aspirasi jarum halus (FNA): Jarum tipis dimasukkan ke dalam nodul atau massa paru untuk mengumpulkan sampel sel untuk pemeriksaan.
7. Thoracentesis: Cairan dicok dari ruang antara paru-paru ngen dinding dada ngen jarum, dan cairan nyan lheuh nyan ji periksa peu na sel kanker.
8. Pemeriksaan darah: Meskipun pemeriksaan darah mantong hanjeut didiagnosis kanker paru-paru, nyan jeut membantu menentukan kesehatan umum pasien dan mengidentifikasi kelainan yang jeut mengindikasikan adanya kanker.
9. Bone scan, MRI, PET scan, dan tes laen jih: Tes nyoe jeut dipakek untuk peutente peu kanker ka menyebar ke bagian laen tuboh.
Lheuh kanker paru-paru didiagnosis, tes tambahan jeut dilakukan untuk peutente tahap kanker, yang membantu bimbingan keputusan perawatan.
Tes nyo jeut mencakup tes pencitraan leubeh le, lage CT scan utak, scan tuleung, atau positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
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Kang C, Wang D, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang F, Chen J: Construction and Validation of a Lung Cancer Diagnostic Model Based on 6-Gene Methylation Frequency in Blood, Clinical Features, and Serum Tumor Markers. Comput Math Methods Med. 2021, 2021 (): 9987067.
Heydari F, Rafsanjani MK: A Review on Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Data Mining Algorithms. Curr Med Imaging. 2021, 17 (1): 16-26.
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How is lung cancer diagnosed?
Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.
They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.
2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.
These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.
3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.
This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.
7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.
8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.
9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
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