How is Breast cancer diagnosed?

Hoe word borskanker gediagnoseer?

Borskanker word gediagnoseer deur 'n kombinasie van toetse en prosedures, wat kan insluit:

1. Kliniese borsondersoek: 'n Gesondheidswerker sal die borste ondersoek op enige knoppe, veranderinge in grootte of vorm of ander afwykings.

2. Mammografie: 'n röntgenfoto van die bors wat abnormaliteite kan opspoor selfs voordat dit gevoel kan word.

3. Ultrasone: 'n Toets wat klankgolwe gebruik om 'n beeld van die borsweefsel te skep, wat kan help om vas te stel of 'n knobbel solied of met vloeistof gevul is.

4. MRI: 'n Magnetiese resonansie-beeldvorming (MRI) gebruik 'n magnetiese veld en radiogolwe om gedetailleerde beelde van die borsweefsel te skep.

5. Biopsie: 'n Klein monster van borsweefsel word verwyder en onder 'n mikroskoop ondersoek om vas te stel of daar kankerselle teenwoordig is.

6. Bloedtoetse: Sekere bloedtoetse, soos 'n volledige bloedtelling of tumormerkers, kan gedoen word om te help om die stadium van die kanker te bepaal of om die behandeling te monitor.

7. Genetiese toetsing: As daar 'n familiegeskiedenis van borskanker is, kan genetiese toetsing gedoen word om vas te stel of daar 'n oorerflike genmutasie is wat die risiko van borskanker verhoog.

8. Beenscan, CT-scan of PET-scan: Hierdie beeldtoetse kan gedoen word om vas te stel of die kanker na ander dele van die liggaam versprei het.

Sodra 'n diagnose van borskanker gestel is, kan verdere toetse gedoen word om die stadium en graad van die kanker te bepaal, wat help om behandelingsbesluite te neem.

Verwysings

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Zahoor S, Lali IU, Khan MA, Javed K, Mehmood W: Breast Cancer Detection and Classification using Traditional Computer Vision Techniques: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Med Imaging. 2020, 16 (10): 1187-1200.

Dewar MA, Love N: Legal issues in managing breast disease. Postgrad Med. 1992, 92 (5): 137-40, 143-4, 149-51 passim.

Donepudi MS, Kondapalli K, Amos SJ, Venkanteshan P: Breast cancer statistics and markers. J Cancer Res Ther. , 10 (3): 506-11.

Sazuka T, Miyazawa Y, Tochigi T, Hirano A, Mori M, Kosugi C, Shuto K, Kasahara K, Hiroshima Y, Matsuo K, Tanaka K, Yamazaki K, Koda K, Matsubara H: [A Case of Rectal Metastasis from Breast Cancer Diagnosed Two Years after Surgery]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2017, 44 (12): 1254-1256.

Yan J, Liu Z, Du S, Li J, Ma L, Li L: Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer in the Precision Medicine Era. Methods Mol Biol. 2020, 2204 (): 53-61.

Cong J, Wei B, He Y, Yin Y, Zheng Y: A Selective Ensemble Classification Method Combining Mammography Images with Ultrasound Images for Breast Cancer Diagnosis. Comput Math Methods Med. 2017, 2017 (): 4896386.

Cui R, Wang C, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Li Y: Serum Carboxypeptidase N1 Serves as a Potential Biomarker Complementing CA15-3 for Breast Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2020, 20 (17): 2053-2065.

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Let asseblief daarop dat die neurale netwerk wat antwoorde op die vrae genereer, veral onakkuraat is wanneer dit kom by numeriese inhoud. Byvoorbeeld, die aantal mense wat met 'n spesifieke siekte gediagnoseer is.

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How is breast cancer diagnosed?

Breast cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:

1. Clinical breast exam: A healthcare professional will examine the breasts for any lumps, changes in size or shape, or other abnormalities.

2. Mammogram: An x-ray of the breast that can detect abnormalities even before they can be felt.

3. Ultrasound: A test that uses sound waves to create an image of the breast tissue, which can help determine if a lump is solid or filled with fluid.

4. MRI: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast tissue.

5. Biopsy: A small sample of breast tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.

6. Blood tests: Certain blood tests, such as a complete blood count or tumor markers, may be done to help determine the stage of the cancer or to monitor treatment.

7. Genetic testing: If there is a family history of breast cancer, genetic testing may be done to determine if there is an inherited gene mutation that increases the risk of developing breast cancer.

8. Bone scan, CT scan, or PET scan: These imaging tests may be done to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Once a diagnosis of breast cancer is made, further tests may be done to determine the stage and grade of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.

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