How is Lung cancer diagnosed?

Hoe word longkanker gediagnoseer?

Longkanker word gediagnoseer deur 'n kombinasie van toetse en prosedures, wat kan insluit:

1. Mediese geskiedenis en fisiese ondersoek: Die dokter sal jou vra oor jou simptome, rookgeskiedenis en familiegeskiedenis van longkanker.

Hulle sal ook ' n fisiese ondersoek doen om na enige tekens van die siekte te kyk.

2. Beeldvormingstoetse: Röntgenfoto's van die bors en rekenaartomografie (CT) word algemeen gebruik om gedetailleerde beelde van die longe en omliggende strukture te skep.

Hierdie toetse kan help om afwykings, soos gewasse of knolle, op te spoor wat die teenwoordigheid van longkanker kan aandui.

3. Sputum sitologie: 'n Voorbeeld van jou sputum (slym wat uit die longe uithoes) word onder 'n mikroskoop ondersoek om na kankerselle te soek.

4. Biopsie: 'n Voorbeeld van longweefsel word verwyder en onder 'n mikroskoop ondersoek om vas te stel of daar kankerselle teenwoordig is.

Dit kan gedoen word deur middel van 'n bronkoskopie, naaldbiopsie of chirurgiese biopsie.

5. Bronkoskopie: 'n Dun, verligte buis met 'n kamera word deur die neus of mond en in die keel ingevoeg om die lugweë en longe te ondersoek.

Hierdie prosedure kan ook gebruik word om weefselmonsters vir biopsie in te samel.

6. Fynnaaldaspirasie (FNA): 'n Dun naald word in die longknop of massa ingevoeg om 'n monster selle vir ondersoek in te samel.

7. Thoracentesis: Vloeistof word met behulp van 'n naald uit die ruimte tussen die longe en die borswand verwyder, en die vloeistof word dan op kankerselle ondersoek.

8. Bloedtoetse: Hoewel bloedtoetse alleen nie longkanker kan diagnoseer nie, kan dit help om die patiënt se algemene gesondheid te bepaal en enige afwykings te identifiseer wat die teenwoordigheid van kanker kan aandui.

9. Botskandering, MRI, troeteldierskandering en ander toetse: Hierdie toetse kan gebruik word om vas te stel of die kanker na ander dele van die liggaam versprei het.

Sodra longkanker gediagnoseer is, kan bykomende toetse uitgevoer word om die stadium van die kanker te bepaal, wat help om behandelingsbesluite te neem.

Hierdie toetse kan meer beeldvormingstoetse insluit, soos 'n CT-skandering van die brein, beenskandering of positron-emissie-tomografie (PET-skandering).

Verwysings

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Zhou P, Lu F, Wang J, Wang K, Liu B, Li N, Tang B: A portable point-of-care testing system to diagnose lung cancer through the detection of exosomal miRNA in urine and saliva. Chem Commun (Camb). 2020, 56 (63): 8968-8971.

Ni J, Guo Z, Zhang L: [The diagnostic significance of single or combination lung cancer-related serum biomarkers in high risk lung cancer patients]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2016, 55 (1): 25-30.

Nishiyama N, Nakatani S, Iwasa R, Taguchi S, Inoue K, Kinoshita H: [Differential diagnosis between peripheral lung cancer invading the chest wall and chest-wall tumors]. Kyobu Geka. 1997, 50 (10): 893-7.

Kang C, Wang D, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang F, Chen J: Construction and Validation of a Lung Cancer Diagnostic Model Based on 6-Gene Methylation Frequency in Blood, Clinical Features, and Serum Tumor Markers. Comput Math Methods Med. 2021, 2021 (): 9987067.

Heydari F, Rafsanjani MK: A Review on Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Data Mining Algorithms. Curr Med Imaging. 2021, 17 (1): 16-26.

Li L, Feng T, Zhang W, Gao S, Wang R, Lv W, Zhu T, Yu H, Qian B: MicroRNA Biomarker hsa-miR-195-5p for Detecting the Risk of Lung Cancer. Int J Genomics. 2020, 2020 (): 7415909.

Li B, Yuan Q, Zou YT, Su T, Lin Q, Zhang YQ, Shi WQ, Liang RB, Ge QM, Li QY, Shao Y: CA-125, CA-153, and CYFRA21-1 as clinical indicators in male lung cancer with ocular metastasis. J Cancer. 2020, 11 (10): 2730-2736.

Magee ND, Villaumie JS, Marple ET, Ennis M, Elborn JS, McGarvey JJ: Ex vivo diagnosis of lung cancer using a Raman miniprobe. J Phys Chem B. 2009, 113 (23): 8137-41.

Verwerping van verantwoordelikheid: mediese

Hierdie webwerf word slegs vir opvoedkundige en inligtingsdoeleindes verskaf en vorm nie die verskaffing van mediese advies of professionele dienste nie.

Die inligting wat verskaf word, moet nie gebruik word om 'n gesondheidsprobleem of siekte te diagnoseer of te behandel nie, en diegene wat persoonlike mediese advies soek, moet 'n gelisensieerde dokter raadpleeg.

Let asseblief daarop dat die neurale netwerk wat antwoorde op die vrae genereer, veral onakkuraat is wanneer dit kom by numeriese inhoud. Byvoorbeeld, die aantal mense wat met 'n spesifieke siekte gediagnoseer is.

Soek altyd die advies van jou dokter of ander gekwalifiseerde gesondheidsorgverskaffer oor 'n mediese toestand. Moet nooit professionele mediese advies ignoreer of vertraag om dit te soek as gevolg van iets wat jy op hierdie webwerf gelees het nie. As jy dink jy kan 'n mediese noodgeval hê, bel 911 of gaan onmiddellik na die naaste noodkamer. Geen dokter-pasiënt verhouding word geskep deur hierdie webwerf of die gebruik daarvan nie. Nie BioMedLib of sy werknemers, of enige bydraer tot hierdie webwerf, maak enige voorstellings, uitdruklik of implisiet, met betrekking tot die inligting wat hierin verskaf word of die gebruik daarvan.

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How is lung cancer diagnosed?

Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:

1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.

They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.

2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.

These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.

3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.

4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.

This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.

5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.

This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.

6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.

7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.

8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.

9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.

These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.

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Please note the neural net that generates answers to the questions, is specially inaccurate when it comes to numeric content. For example, the number of people diagnosed with a specific disease.

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