How is Diabetes diagnosed?

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ obi anya asikreyare?

Wɔhwehwɛ mogya mu hwɛ hu sɛ obi anya asikreyare anaa.

Nhwehwԑmu ahorow a wɔtaa de yԑ adwuma de hu sԑ obi anya asikreyare no bi ne:

1. mmuada Plasma Glucose (FPG) nhwehwɛmu: Saa nhwehwɛmu yi susuw mogya mu asikre dodow bere a mmuada nnɔnhwerew awotwe.

Sɛ mogya mu asikre dodow yɛ 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) anaa nea ɛboro saa a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya asikreyare.

2. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): Saa nhwehwɛmu yi susuw mogya mu asikre dodow ansa na yɛanom nsu a ɛyɛ dɛ ne nnɔnhwerew 2 wɔ ɛno akyi.

Sɛ mogya mu asikre dodow yɛ 2000 mg/dL (111 mmol/L) anaa nea ɛboro saa a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya asikreyare.

3. Plasma Glucose ho nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no ɔkwan biara so: Wobetumi ayɛ saa nhwehwɛmu yi bere biara a wonnii mmuada.

Sɛ mogya mu asikre dodow yɛ 2000 mg/dL (111 mmol/L) anaa nea ɛboro saa a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya asikreyare.

4. Glycated Hemoglobin (A1C) nhwehwɛmu: Saa nhwehwɛmu yi kyerɛ sɛ mogya mu asikre dodow akɔ anim wɔ asram 2-3 a atwam no mu.

A1C a ɛboro 6.5% kyerɛ sɛ obi anya asikreyare.

Ɛho hia sɛ wohyɛ no nsow sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ saa nhwehwɛmu yi da foforo de si yare no ho gyinae.

Afei nso, nneɛma foforo te sɛ yare ho nsɛnkyerɛnne, yare ho abakɔsɛm, ne nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu nso betumi ama wɔahu yare no mu.

Sɛ wowɔ adwenemhaw anaa nsɛmmisa fa asikreyare ho a, ɛho hia sɛ wo ne apomuden-Mmoa di nkitaho.

['Nkrataa ahodoɔ a etwa sɛ yɛhyehyɛ']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Ding L, Xu Y, Liu S, Bi Y, Xu Y: Hemoglobin A1c and diagnosis of diabetes. J Diabetes. 2018, 10 (5): 365-372.

Kalra S, Gupta Y: Diagnosis of diabetes. J Pak Med Assoc. 2015, 65 (3): 336-7.

Higgins T: HbA1c for screening and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Endocrine. 2013, 43 (2): 266-73.

Ko GT: Diagnosing diabetes mellitus in the Asian population. Hong Kong Med J. 2000, 6 (1): 53-9.

Li HY, Ma WY, Wei JN, Lin MS, Shih SR, Hung CS, Hua CH, Chuang LM: Hemoglobin A1c for the diagnosis of diabetes: To replace or to guide oral glucose tolerance tests? J Diabetes Investig. 2012, 3 (3): 259-65.

Hill J: How to diagnose diabetes. Nurs Times. , 101 (16): 28-30.

Hessler KL, Dunemn K: Laboratory diagnosis of overt type 2 diabetes in the first trimester of pregnancy. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2017, 29 (9): 521-526.

['Abɔdin: ayaresa']

['Wɔayɛ wɛbsaet yi sɛ wɔmfa nkyerɛkyerɛ na wɔnka ho asɛm kɛkɛ, na ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔde ayaresa ho afotu anaa adwumakuw bi mmoa rema.']

['Ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde nsɛm a wɔde ama no di dwuma de hwehwɛ yare anaa yare bi ho ayaresa, na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔrehwehwɛ ayaresa ho afotu no ne oduruyɛfo a ɔwɔ tumi krataa di nkitaho.']

['Yɛsrɛ wo hyɛ no nsow sɛ amemene no mu mfiri a ɛma nsɛmmisa ho mmuae no nyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ bere a ɛfa akontaahyɛde ho no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnipa dodow a wɔanya yare pɔtee bi.']

["Hwehwɛ afotu fi wo dɔkota anaa ayaresafo a wɔfata hɔ bere biara wɔ yareɛ ho. Nnyae ayaresa ho afotuo a wɔn a wɔn ho akokwaw de ma no ho adwenemu anaa twentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ worebɛhwehwɛ esiane biribi a woakenkan wɔ wɛbsaet yi so nti. Sɛ ɛyɛ wo sɛ wowɔ yareɛ ho nsɛmmisa a, frɛ 911 anaa kɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo pɛɛ ntɛm ara. Saa wɛbsaet yi anaa dwuma a wode di no mma wonnya oduruyɛfo ne ɔyarefo ayɔnkofa biara. BioMedLib anaa n'adwumayɛfoɔ anaa obiara a ɔde ne ho bɔ wɛbsaet yi ho dawuro biara nni mu, a ɛkyerɛ anaa enni mu, fa nsɛm a wɔde ama wɔ ha anaa dwuma a wɔde di no ho."]

['Disclaimer: copyright']

["Digital Millennium Copyright Act a w'atwe no afe 1998 wɔ U.S. Mmara 17 § 512 (DMCA) no ma wɔn a w'wɔ tumi sɛ wɔtwe wɔn ho fi nneɛma a wɔde agu intanɛt so ho kwan."]

['Sɛ wogye di sɛ wo nsɛm anaa nneɛma bi a ɛwɔ yɛn wɛbsaet anaa yɛn dwumadie mu no to wo mmara a woahyehyɛ no so a, wo (anaa wo dwumadifoɔ) bɛtumi de nkaebɔ ama yɛn de apɛ sɛ yɛyi nsɛm anaa nneɛma no firi hɔ anaa yɛsi ho kwan.']

["Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde nkaebɔ fa e-mail so kɔma wɔn (hwɛ 'Contact' section ma e-mail address)."]

['DMCA hwehwɛ sɛ wo dawurubɔ a ɛfa mmara a obi abu so ho no de nsɛm a edidi so yi ka ho: (1) nkyerɛwde a ɛkyerɛ adwuma a mmara bɔ ho ban a obi abu so no; (2) nsɛm a wɔkyerɛ sɛ obi abu so no ne ɛho nsɛm a ɛfata a ɛbɛma yɛahunu faako a saa nsɛm no wɔ; (3) wo nkitahodi ho nsɛm, a wo address, fon number ne email ka ho; (4) krataa a woakyerɛ sɛ wowɔ gyidie pa sɛ nea woabɔ ho dawuru no nni mmara no wura anaa nea ɔhwɛ so anaa mmara biara tumi mu.']

['(5) sɛ wo de wo nsa ahyɛ krataa ase, na wohyɛ sɛ wobedi atoro, sɛ nsɛm a ɛwɔ krataa no mu yɛ nokware, na wowɔ tumi sɛ wode wo nsa bɛka nneɛma a obi akyerɛw abrɛ wo ase no;']

["و (6) physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on the copyright owner's behalf."]

['Sɛ woantwerɛ nsɛm a ɛwɔ soro yi nyinaa amfiri wo nkrataa no mu a, ɛbɛtumi ama wo kyɛfa no akyɛ.']

['Nkitahodi']

['Yɛsrɛ wo, fa nsɛmmisa anaa nyansahyɛ biara fa e-mail so brɛ yɛn.']

How is diabetes diagnosed?

Diabetes is diagnosed through a series of blood tests that measure the levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood.

The most common tests used to diagnose diabetes are:

1. Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) test: This test measures the blood glucose level after fasting for at least 8 hours.

A blood glucose level of 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) or higher indicates diabetes.

2. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): This test measures blood glucose levels before and 2 hours after drinking a sweet liquid.

A blood glucose level of 2000 mg/dL (111 mmol/L) or higher indicates diabetes.

3. Random Plasma Glucose test: This test can be done at any time and does not require fasting.

A blood glucose level of 2000 mg/dL (111 mmol/L) or higher indicates diabetes.

4. Glycated Hemoglobin (A1C) test: This test measures the average blood glucose level over the past 2-3 months.

An A1C level of 6.5% or higher indicates diabetes.

It is important to note that these tests should be repeated on a different day to confirm the diagnosis.

Additionally, other factors such as symptoms, medical history, and physical examination may also be considered in making a diagnosis.

If you have any concerns or questions about diabetes diagnosis, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional.

Disclaimer: medical

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