Penyakit Alzheimer didiagnosis melalui kombinasi metode, termasuk evaluasi medis menyeluruh, tes kognitif dan neuropsikologis, pencitraan otak, dan proses eliminasi kemungkinan penyebab lainnya.
1. Evaluasi medis: Dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan fisik dan mengambil riwayat medis rinci untuk mengesampingkan kemungkinan penyebab lain kehilangan memori atau penurunan kognitif, seperti masalah tiroid, kekurangan vitamin, atau tumor otak.
2. Tes kognitif wan neuropsikologis: Tes ini menilai memori, bahasa, pemecahan masalah, wan fungsi kognitif lainnya gasan manantuakan tingkat gangguan kognitif wan gasan mambedakan antara hilangnya memori normal nang bakaitan lawan usia wan demensia.
3. Imaging otak: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) atau computed tomography (CT) scan kawa membantu mengidentifikasi perubahan struktural di otak nang mungkin menunjukakan penyakit Alzheimer.
Imbasan tomografi emisi positron (PET) jua kawa dipakai gasan meukur tingkat protein tertentu nang terkait lawan penyakit Alzheimer.
4. Tes darah: Penelitian terbaru telah menunjukakan bahwa tes darah tertentu kawa membantu mendiagnosis penyakit Alzheimer dengan mengukur kadar protein tertentu atau biomarker nang terkait lawan penyakit.
5. Proses eliminasi: Karena kadida tes definitif tunggal gasan penyakit Alzheimer, diagnosis rancak melibatkan mengesampingkan kemungkinan penyebab lain dari gejala mirip demensia.
Penting gasan dicatat bahwa diagnosis pasti penyakit Alzheimer hanya kawa diulah imbah kamatian malalui pemeriksaan jaringan otak.
Namun, metode diagnostik wayahini kawa manyadiaakan tingkat kepastian nang tinggi gasan diagnosis klinis pas urangnya masih hidup.
diagnosis dini penting gasan memulai perawatan lawan perencanaan gasan masa depan.
Liu SS, Zhu SQ: [Correlation between Alzheimer disease and cataract]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2017, 53 (4): 314-316.
Gauthier S: Practical guidelines for the antemortem diagnosis of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1985, 9 (5-6): 491-5.
Rubin R: New Test to Help Diagnose Alzheimer Disease. JAMA. 2022, 327 (23): 2281.
[Blood Based Biomarker for Optimization of Early and Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Dementia]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2022, 90 (7-08): 326-335.
Kapp MB: Physicians' legal duties regarding the use of genetic tests to predict and diagnose Alzheimer disease. J Leg Med. 2000, 21 (4): 445-75.
Britschgi M, Wyss-Coray T: Blood protein signature for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 2009, 66 (2): 161-5.
Volicer L, Berman SA, Cipolloni PB, Mandell A: Persistent vegetative state in Alzheimer disease. Does it exist? Arch Neurol. 1997, 54 (11): 1382-4.
Imabayashi E, Saitoh Y, Tsukamoto T, Sakata M, Takano H: Combination of Astrogliosis and Phosphorylated Tau for the Preclinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease Using 3-Dimensional Stereotactic Surface Projection Images With 18 F-THK5351. Clin Nucl Med. 2022, 47 (12): 1066-1068.
Martínez A, Lahiri DK, Giacobini E, Greig NH: Advances in Alzheimer therapy: understanding pharmacological approaches to the disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2009, 6 (2): 83-5.
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How is alzheimer diagnosed?
Alzheimer's disease is diagnosed through a combination of methods, including a thorough medical evaluation, cognitive and neuropsychological tests, brain imaging, and the process of elimination of other possible causes.
1. Medical evaluation: A doctor will perform a physical examination and take a detailed medical history to rule out other possible causes of memory loss or cognitive decline, such as thyroid problems, vitamin deficiencies, or brain tumors.
2. Cognitive and neuropsychological tests: These tests assess memory, language, problem-solving, and other cognitive functions to determine the extent of cognitive impairment and to differentiate between normal age-related memory loss and dementia.
3. Brain imaging: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans can help identify structural changes in the brain that may indicate Alzheimer's disease.
Positron emission tomography (PET) scans can also be used to measure the levels of certain proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease.
4. Blood tests: Recent research has shown that certain blood tests can help diagnose Alzheimer's disease by measuring the levels of specific proteins or biomarkers associated with the disease.
5. Process of elimination: Since there is no single definitive test for Alzheimer's disease, diagnosis often involves ruling out other possible causes of dementia-like symptoms.
It is important to note that a definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease can only be made after death through an examination of brain tissue.
However, current diagnostic methods can provide a high level of certainty for a clinical diagnosis while the person is still alive.
Early diagnosis is important for starting treatment and planning for the future.
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