2. Usoko: Nyi umwe ndumbu wa pwo (pwo, mandumbu nyi mwana pwo) kapwile ni cancer, pwo mahasa kupwa ni cancer.
3. Mutações genéticas: Mutações genéticas amwe waze akupwa ku yisemuka, ngwe BRCA1 ni BRCA2, kakusa yikola ya cancer ya mavele.
4. Kulela: Kupwa ni ufumba shimbu kanda uchili ni miaka 30, kwecha kuyula mashimbu a kuhita mujimo, kuhona kupwa ni ana hanji kupwa ni ana muze hi unalinga miaka 30 muchihasa kutohwesa yikola ya kansa ya mavele.
5. Kuchiza ni ma hormone: Mapwo waze akuzachisa ma hormone ha shimbu lia kuhwisa chijimba che kakupwa ni kansere wa ku mama.
6. Kunwa walwa: Kunwa walwa chakuneha kansa ya mavele.
7. Kuvula chinji: Kupwa ni yifwo yinji chakuneha kansa ya mavele.
8. Kuhona kulinga yuma yize muyihasa kukwasa mujimba: Mutu yoze wakusa tachi jinji mumu lia kutwama, mahasa kupwa ni kansa ya mavele.
9. Kufwa ni yikola ya radiation: Nyi mutu mamona yikola ya radiation, chinji-chize muze achili kanuke, chino muchihasa kumusa mu chimbumbe.
10. Mbolo jinji: Mapwo waze ali ni mbolo jinji kakupwa ni kansere wa ku mbolo.
11. Kuchina ku mujimba: Mapwo waze aputukile kupwa ni mujimba shimbu kanda afwe hanji waze apwile ni mujimba shimbu kanda afwe, kali ni uhashi unji wa kupwa ni kansa ya mavele.
12. Kuyamwisa: Mapwo waze kanda achiyamwise kama, kali ni uhashi unji wa kupwa ni kansa.
13. Uhashi wa kuhona kusemuka: Mapwo waze kakuzachisa mutapu wa kuhona kusemuka kakupwa ni kansere wa ku mama.
Chili chilemu kunyingika ngwo kupwa ni yimwe hanji yuma yinji yize yakuneha yikola yacho kuchalumbunuka ngwo pwo makapwa ni kansa ya mavele.
Nawa yuma yikwo yakuleta yikola yacho, ngwe miaka ni yikola yize akupwa nayo, kuyishi kwalumuka, alioze yikwo yakulita ni yitanga yize atu akupwa nayo, mahasa kuyikehesa.
Yoneda T: Cellular and molecular basis of preferential metastasis of breast cancer to bone. J Orthop Sci. 2000, 5 (1): 75-81.
Demirci S, Eser E, Ozsaran Z, Tankisi D, Aras AB, Ozaydemir G, Anacak Y: Validation of the Turkish versions of EORTC QLQ-C30 and BR23 modules in breast cancer patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011, 12 (5): 1283-7.
Kluttig A, Schmidt-Pokrzywniak A: Established and Suspected Risk Factors in Breast Cancer Aetiology. Breast Care (Basel). , 4 (2): 82-87.
Tabar L, Duffy SW, Yen MF, Warwick J, Vitak B, Chen HH, Smith RA: All-cause mortality among breast cancer patients in a screening trial: support for breast cancer mortality as an end point. J Med Screen. 2002, 9 (4): 159-62.
Gonzalez P, Lim JW, Wang-Letzkus M, Flores KF, Allen KM, Castañeda SF, Talavera GA: Breast Cancer Cause Beliefs: Chinese, Korean, and Mexican American Breast Cancer Survivors. West J Nurs Res. 2015, 37 (8): 1081-99.
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['Tala ha makina yize yakukwasa hanga uwane kumbululo lia yihula, hi yikalu ko muze anavuluka unji wa atu waze ali ni yikola.']
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['Uhashi wa akwa-kusoneka']
['Shimbi ya Digital Millennium Copyright Act ya 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) yinambe ngwo, waze ali ni shimbi ja akwa-kusoneka waze anafuliela ngwo yuma yize yili ha Internet yinapinjisa shimbi ja akwa-kusoneka ja mu Estados Unidos. ']
['Nyi unafuliela ni mbunge yeswe ngwo yikuma yeswe yize akuzachisa ha site yino yinapinjisa shimbi ja akwa-kusoneka, yena (mba yoze wakuzachisa) muhasa kututumina mukanda hanga ututuhwise yikuma yacho hanji kuhona kuyimona.']
['Sango jacho katamba kujituma ha mukanda ha email (tala ha chihanda cha "Contact" ha email).']
['Shimbi ya DMCA yinambe ngwo, sango je ha yize akuhanjika ngwo yapinjisa shimbi ja akwa-kusoneka yili ni sango jacho: (1) kulumbununa mulimo uze uli ni shimbi ja akwa-kusoneka uze anazangamisa; (2) kulumbununa yikuma yize anazangamisa ni sango jize jinahase kutukwasa hanga tuwane yikuma yacho; (3) kulweza yoze mutuhasa kumuheta, ngwe adresi, numero ya telefone ni email; (4) maliji waze yena musolola ngwo, yuma yize anazangamisa kuyishi ni utayizo wa mwene wa shimbi ja akwa-kusoneka, hanji yoze akuzachisa, hanji ni shimbi jize anazangamisa; ']
['(5) Sango jize yena musoneka, ni shimbi jize makahana, ngwo sango jize jili ha mukanda jili ja umwenemwene nawa uli ni ulite wakukwasa hanga akwa-kusoneka afunge shimbi jize anakwambulula ngwo jinalitepulula;']
['nawa (6) chijimbikilo cha mwata wa shindakenyo ya ulite wa yuma hanji cha muthu yoze uli ni ulite wa kulinga yuma ha jina lia mwata wa shindakenyo ya yuma.']
There is no single cause of breast cancer, but several factors can increase the risk of developing the disease.
Some of these factors include:
1. Age: The risk of breast cancer increases as a woman gets older.
2. Family history: A woman's risk of breast cancer is higher if she has a close relative (mother, sister, or daughter) who has had breast cancer.
3. Genetic mutations: Certain inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk of breast cancer.
4. Reproductive history: Early menstruation, late menopause, and having no children or having the first child after age 30 can increase the risk of breast cancer.
5. Hormone replacement therapy: Women who take hormone replacement therapy for menopause have a higher risk of breast cancer.
6. Alcohol consumption: Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer.
7. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk of breast cancer.
8. Physical inactivity: A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of breast cancer.
9. Radiation exposure: Exposure to high doses of radiation, particularly during childhood, can increase the risk of breast cancer.
10. Breast density: Women with dense breasts have a higher risk of breast cancer.
11. Menstrual history: Women who started menstruating early or went through menopause late have a slightly higher risk of breast cancer.
12. Breastfeeding: Women who have never breastfed have a slightly higher risk of breast cancer.
13. Birth control: Women who use oral contraceptives have a slightly higher risk of breast cancer.
It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not mean that a woman will definitely develop breast cancer, and many women who develop breast cancer have no known risk factors.
Additionally, some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed, while others, such as lifestyle factors, can be modified to reduce the risk.
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