Pathophysiology of breast cancer ee yen nyuɔɔth ke nɔŋ kë cï rot waar në luɔɔi de guöp ku jɔl ya tɛ̈n yenë guöp rot luɔɔi thïn në tuany de cancer yic.
Ee yen mat thïn ëbën agut cï puɔ̈ɔ̈c de kä ye kek cak ku jɔl ya molecular mechanisms ye kek cɔk dït apɛi ku ye kek lac thiëi piny në tuanytuɛɛny ke cancer yiic.
Kän anɔŋic kä ye cak, kä ye kek looi ku jɔl ya kä ye kek liääp në piny nɔŋ kë ye kek cɔk loi rot, ku ye kek cɔk juak röt ku ye kek cɔk tuany në tuany de cancer.
Kä kɔ̈k ye röt waar në tuany de cuäŋ yic aye:
1. Genetic mutations: Mutations tɔ̈ në genes kɔ̈k yiic, cïmën de BRCA1 ku BRCA2, alëu bï tuany de cancer de cuäŋ ya juak.
Kä cï röt waar käkë alëu bïk ya tɔ̈ në raan yic ka bïk ya yök në pïïr de raan yic.
2. Hormonal imbalances: Hormones, ku jɔl ya estrogen, alëu bïk ya naŋ kë ye kek looi në cil de tuany ë cancer de cuäŋ yic.
Të cïï ciin de hormones röt ye waar ka të nɔŋ yïn estrogen juëc apɛi, ke yïn alëu ba tuany de cuäŋ ya juak.
3. Arɛɛm: Arɛɛm ye lac bɛ̈n në guɔ̈p yic alëu bï tuany de cancer bɛ̈i në guɔ̈p yic në kë de cil de cancer ku pïïr de cancer cells.
4. Kë thiääk kenë tuany de cancer: Kë thiääk kenë tuany de cancer, nɔŋiic extracellular matrix, immune cells, ku jɔl ya blood vessels, alëu bï cil de tuany de cancer ya cɔk loi rot ku bï rot ya juak.
5. Metastasis: Cancer de cuäŋ alëu bï rot ya juak në biäk kɔ̈k ke guɔ̈p yic në lymphatic system ka riɛm yic, ku bï tuany dɛ̈t peei ya cak në biäk kɔ̈k peei yiic.
Ŋic de tuany de cuäŋ në biäk de tuany de cuäŋ ee kë thiekic apɛi ago tuanytuɛɛny ya gël ago lac ya yök ku bï kek ya kony.
Underwood SM: Breast cancer in African American women: nursing essentials. ABNF J. , 17 (1): 3-14.
Paliwal SR, Paliwal R, Agrawal GP, Vyas SP: Liposomal nanomedicine for breast cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2011, 6 (6): 1085-100.
Rauch GM, Adrada BE: Comparison of Breast MR Imaging with Molecular Breast Imaging in Breast Cancer Screening, Diagnosis, Staging, and Treatment Response Evaluation. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2018, 26 (2): 273-280.
Wei H, Wang H, Ji Q, Sun J, Tao L, Zhou X: NRBP1 is downregulated in breast cancer and NRBP1 overexpression inhibits cancer cell proliferation through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther. 2015, 8 (): 3721-30.
Eden JA: Human breast cancer stem cells and sex hormones--a narrative review. Menopause. 2010, 17 (4): 801-10.
Schneider BP, Winer EP, Foulkes WD, Garber J, Perou CM, Richardson A, Sledge GW, Carey LA: Triple-negative breast cancer: risk factors to potential targets. Clin Cancer Res. 2008, 14 (24): 8010-8.
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What is pathophysiology of breast cancer?
Pathophysiology of breast cancer refers to the abnormal changes in the normal physiological processes and mechanisms that occur in the development and progression of breast cancer.
It involves the study of the underlying biological and molecular mechanisms that lead to the uncontrolled growth and spread of cancer cells in the breast tissue.
This includes the genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors that contribute to the initiation, promotion, and progression of breast cancer.
Some of the key pathophysiological changes in breast cancer include:
1. Genetic mutations: Mutations in certain genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, can increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
These mutations can be inherited or acquired during a person's lifetime.
2. Hormonal imbalances: Hormones, particularly estrogen, can play a role in the development and growth of breast cancer.
An imbalance in hormone levels or exposure to excess estrogen can increase the risk of breast cancer.
3. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation in the breast tissue can contribute to the development of breast cancer by promoting the growth and survival of cancer cells.
4. Tumor microenvironment: The environment surrounding the tumor, including the extracellular matrix, immune cells, and blood vessels, can influence the growth and spread of breast cancer.
5. Metastasis: Breast cancer can spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream, leading to the formation of secondary tumors in distant organs.
Understanding the pathophysiology of breast cancer is crucial for developing effective prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies.
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