Na urticaria, e kilai tale ga me hives, e dua na mate ni kuli e dau basika kina na roka damudamu, vuvu, qai vuvuce na kuli.
E rawa ni vakavuna e levu na ka, me vaka na allergic reaction, infections, kei na so na wainimate.
Na kena kilai na mate oqo ena dikevi kina na itukutuku makawa ni kena bula, na kena ituvaki vakayago, kei na so na gauna na vakadidike e dau caka ena valenibula.
1. iTukutuku makawa ni tauvimate: Ena taroga na vuniwai na itukutuku makawa ni tauvimate, wili kina na allergies, na tauvimate se qai tauvi koya ga, kei na wainimate e gunuva tiko.
Era na taroga tale ga na gauna e tekivu kina na ivakatakilakila, na dede ni kena dede, kei na ka e vakavuna.
2. Na vakadidike: Ena dikeva na vuniwai na kuliniyagona me raica se tiko e dua na tikiniyago e vuvuce tu se sega, na kena levu, kei na vanua e teteva.
Era na rairai dikeva tale ga eso tale na ivakatakilakila ni lako vakaca vei iko na kakana, me vaka na vuce ni matamu, tebenigusumu, se yamemu.
3. Na vakadidike e valenibula: Ena so na gauna, ena rairai vakadikeva na dra o vuniwai me raica kina ke tiko e dua na ka e vakaleqa na yago se tauvi koya tiko na mate.
E rawa ni caka tale ga na vakadidike ena kuli, me vaka na kena vakadikevi na kuli ni manumanu se na patch test, me kilai kina na ka e vakavuna na allergy.
4. Na vakadidike ni allergy: Ke nanuma o vuniwai ni sa tiko vua e dua na allergy, ena rairai lai raici koya e kenadau ena allergy me lai vakadikevi tale.
E rawa ni okati kina na vakadikevi ni kuli, vakadikevi ni tikiniyago, se vakadikevi ni dra me kilai kina na ka e vakavuna na allergy.
5. Na ka e rawa ni kilai kina: Ena dikeva tale ga na vuniwai na veika e rawa ni vakavuna na ivakatakilakila, me vaka na mate ni kuli se so tale na mate, qai rairai vakadikeva tale eso na ka me vakadeitaka ni sega ni vakavuna na mate.
6. Na vakadidike ni kena laurai na mate: Ke vu ni mate na katakata, batabata, se na kaukaua ni yago, ena rairai vakadikeva na vuniwai me vakadeitaka na mate.
E okati kina na kena biu e yagoda na ka e nanumi ni vakavuna na mate, me qai laurai se na veisau se sega.
7. Na vakadidike ni sotia ni yago: Ke tauvi koya tiko na mate oqo, ena rairai vakadikevi koya na vuniwai me raica se tiko vua e dua na mate e vakavuna na sotia ni yago.
8. Na vakadidike ni mona: Ena so na gauna, ena vinakati me caka na vakadidike ni mona me vaka na X-ray se CT scan me kilai kina ke tiko tale e dua na mate e rawa ni vakavuna na ivakatakilakila vata ga e laurai.
E dau kilai na mate oqo ena itukutuku makawa ni bula, vakadidike, kei na vakadidike e dau caka ena valenibula.
Me kilai na vu ni tauvimate, me qai vakatulewataki na veiqaravi vinaka duadua me caka vua.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
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How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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