Un atac di cûr al è diagnosticât midiant di une cumbinazion di storie mediche dal pazient, esams fisics e provis diagnostichis.
I plui comuns esams diagnostics doprâts par diagnosticâ un atac di cûr a includin:
1. Eletrocardiogram (ECG): Chest esam al misure la ativitât eletriche dal cûr e al pues rilevâ anormalitâts che a puedin indicâ un atac di cûr.
2. Esams di sanc: I esams di sanc a puedin misurâ i nivei di cierts enzimis e proteinis che a son rilassâts intal flus sanguigni cuant che il muscul dal cûr al è danôs.
I plui comuns esams dal sanc doprâts par diagnosticâ un atac di cûr a son i troponin e la creatine kinase (CK-MB).
3. Ecocardiogram: Chest esam al dopre ondis sonoris par creâ une imagjin in moviment dal cûr, che e pues judâ i miedis a valutâ la funzion dal cûr e identificâ cualsisei aree danose.
4. Angiografie coronarie: Chest esam al compuarte la inietazion di une tinte intes arteris coronariis e la racuelte di imagjins a rais X par identificâ cualsisei bloc o strenziament des arteris.
5. TC o RM dal cûr: Chestis analisis a puedin mostrâ imagjins in detai dal cûr e dai siei vaçs sanguins, che a puedin judâ i miedis a identificâ eventuâi dams o ostruzions.
6. Esercizi di stress: chest al compuarte fâ esercizis suntun tapis o une bici stazionarie intant che il cûr al è monitorât par viodi cemût che al rispuint al stress.
Al pues judâ a identificâ cualsisei anomalie inte funzion dal cûr.
7. cateterizazion cardiache: chest esam invasiv al impliche inserî un cateter intun vâs sanguin tal braç o te gambe e vuidâlu fin al cûr.
Une tinte e ven daspò inietât intes arteris coronariis par identificâ eventuâi blocaments o strents.
Une cumbinazion di chescj esams, insiemi cui sintoms e la storie mediche dal pazient, a puedin judâ i miedis a diagnosticâ un atac di cûr e determinâ la miôr terapie.
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Atar D: [How to diagnose a heart attack in 2012?]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2012, 132 (3): 265-6.
Kriszbacher I, Bódis J, Boncz I, Koppan A, Koppan M: The time of sunrise and the number of hours with daylight may influence the diurnal rhythm of acute heart attack mortality. Int J Cardiol. 2010, 140 (1): 118-20.
New ultrafast MRI promises faster diagnosis of heart attack and stroke. J Cardiovasc Manag. , 10 (5): 17-9.
Duijts SFA, van der Beek AJ, Bleiker EMA, Smith L, Wardle J: Cancer and heart attack survivors' expectations of employment status: results from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. BMC Public Health. 2017, 17 (1): 640.
Kriszbacher I, Csoboth I, Boncz I, Bódis J: [The daily rhythm of heart attack morbidity and mortality may be influenced by the time of sunrise]. Orv Hetil. 2008, 149 (46): 2183-7.
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How is heart attack diagnosed?
A heart attack is diagnosed through a combination of the patient's medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.
The most common diagnostic tests used to diagnose a heart attack include:
1. Electrocardiogram (ECG): This test measures the electrical activity of the heart and can detect abnormalities that may indicate a heart attack.
2. Blood tests: Blood tests can measure the levels of certain enzymes and proteins that are released into the bloodstream when the heart muscle is damaged.
The most common blood tests used to diagnose a heart attack are troponin and creatine kinase (CK-MB) tests.
3. Echocardiogram: This test uses sound waves to create a moving image of the heart, which can help doctors assess the function of the heart and identify any areas of damage.
4. Coronary angiography: This test involves injecting a dye into the coronary arteries and taking X-ray images to identify any blockages or narrowing of the arteries.
5. Cardiac CT or MRI: These imaging tests can provide detailed images of the heart and its blood vessels, which can help doctors identify any damage or blockages.
6. Stress test: This test involves exercising on a treadmill or stationary bike while the heart is monitored to see how it responds to stress.
It can help identify any abnormalities in the heart's function.
7. Cardiac catheterization: This invasive test involves inserting a catheter into a blood vessel in the arm or leg and guiding it to the heart.
Dye is then injected into the coronary arteries to identify any blockages or narrowing.
A combination of these tests, along with the patient's symptoms and medical history, can help doctors diagnose a heart attack and determine the best course of treatment.
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