Baineann pathophysiology ionsaí croí, ar a dtugtar infarct myocardial freisin, le cur isteach ar shreabhadh fola chuig cuid den muscle croí, rud a fhágann go bhfaigheann cealla croí bás.
Is gnách go dtarlaíonn sé seo mar gheall ar chosc ar arteria corónach ag clog fola, a bhíonn go minic mar thoradh ar atherosclerosis, riocht ina ndéantar plaic a thógáil suas sna arteries.
Tá an plaic comhdhéanta de cholesterol, substaintí saille, táirgí dramhaíola ceallacha, cailciam, agus fibrin.
Nuair a bhriseann plaic, d'fhéadfadh sé a bheith ina chúis le clot fola a fhoirmiú, a d'fhéadfadh an t-artéar a dhúnadh agus cosc a chur ar fhuil saibhir san ocsaigin teacht go dtí an muscle croí.
Mar gheall ar an easpa ocsaigine seo, bíonn na cealla muscle croí ag bás, rud a fhágann go mbíonn ionsaí croí ann.
Braitheann méid an damáiste ar mhéid an cheantair a sholáthraíonn an t-artéar blocáilte agus ar an am idir an t-ionsaí agus an chóireáil.
Is féidir le comharthaí ionsaí croí a bheith ina measc pian nó míchompord sa chíche, shortness of breath, nausea, lightheadedness, agus pian sna lámha, an muineál, an jaw, nó ar ais.
Baineann cóireáil le haghaidh ionsaí croí de ghnáth le sreabhadh fola a athbhunú go dtí an muscle croí chomh tapa agus is féidir, trí chógais nó trí nósanna imeachta mar angioplasty agus stenting nó máinliacht bypass artery coronary.
Tá sé tábhachtach a thabhairt faoi deara go bhfuil pathophysiology ionsaí croí casta agus go mbaineann sé le fachtóirí iomadúla, lena n-áirítear fachtóirí géiniteacha, stíl mhaireachtála, agus comhshaoil.
I measc na ngnéithe riosca le haghaidh ionsaí croí tá brú fola ard, colaistéaról ard, caitheamh tobac, diaibéiteas, otracht, easpa gníomhaíochta fisiceach, agus stair teaghlaigh de ghalar croí.
Is féidir leis na fachtóirí riosca seo a bhainistiú cabhrú le dóchúlacht go dtarlóidh ionsaí croí a laghdú.
Scott J: Pathophysiology and biochemistry of cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2004, 14 (3): 271-9.
Liu Chung Ming C, Sesperez K, Ben-Sefer E, Arpon D, McGrath K, McClements L, Gentile C: Considerations to Model Heart Disease in Women with Preeclampsia and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells. 2021, 10 (4): .
Hansen J, Victor RG: Direct measurement of sympathetic activity: new insights into disordered blood pressure regulation in chronic renal failure. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1994, 3 (6): 636-43.
LaMacchia JC, Roth MB: Aquaporins-2 and -4 regulate glycogen metabolism and survival during hyposmotic-anoxic stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2015, 309 (2): C92-6.
Tham YK, Bernardo BC, Ooi JY, Weeks KL, McMullen JR: Pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure: signaling pathways and novel therapeutic targets. Arch Toxicol. 2015, 89 (9): 1401-38.
Lonn E: The clinical relevance of pharmacological blood pressure lowering mechanisms. Can J Cardiol. 2004, 20 Suppl B (): 83B-88B.
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What is pathophysiology of heart attack?
The pathophysiology of a heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, involves the disruption of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle, leading to the death of heart cells.
This typically occurs due to the obstruction of a coronary artery by a blood clot, which is often the result of atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries.
The plaque is made up of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin.
When a plaque ruptures, it can cause a blood clot to form, which can block the artery and prevent oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart muscle.
This lack of oxygen causes the heart muscle cells to die, leading to a heart attack.
The extent of the damage depends on the size of the area supplied by the blocked artery and the time between the attack and treatment.
Symptoms of a heart attack can include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, lightheadedness, and pain in the arms, neck, jaw, or back.
Treatment for a heart attack usually involves restoring blood flow to the heart muscle as quickly as possible, either through medication or procedures such as angioplasty and stenting or coronary artery bypass surgery.
It is important to note that the pathophysiology of a heart attack is complex and involves multiple factors, including genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors.
Risk factors for heart attack include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, lack of physical activity, and a family history of heart disease.
Managing these risk factors can help reduce the likelihood of experiencing a heart attack.
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