How is Colon cancer diagnosed?

['Ehendu ko kuatiarogue']

Mba'éichapa ojekuaa cáncer de colon?

Cáncer de colon ningo ojehechakuaa heta prueba ha procedimiento rupive, ikatúva ha'e:

1. Ñepohano: Peteĩ pohãnohára ojapokuaa peteĩ examen físico ohecha hag̃ua oĩpa mba'e naiporãiva térã mba'asy.

2. Tuguy jehecha: Tuguy jehecha ikatu oipytyvõ ojeikuaa hag̃ua oĩpa mba'e naiporãiva tuguýpe ikatúva ohechauka oĩha cáncer.

3. He'iha mba'asýpe: Peteĩ he'iha ikatu ohechauka oĩpa tuguy he'ihápe, ikatúva hína colon cáncer.

4. Colonoscopia: Kóva hína peteĩ procedimiento oñemoĩhápe peteĩ tubo ipo'íva, ijapu'áva ha oguerekóva luz ha cámara upe final-pe oñemoĩnge hag̃ua recto-pe ojehecha hag̃ua colon.

Colonoscopia aja, pohanohára ikatu avei oguenohẽ tejido muestra (biopsia) ojehecha hag̃ua célula cancerígenapa.

5. Sigmoidoscopia: Colonoscopia-ichaite, peteĩ sigmoidoscopia oha'ã colon parte inferior.

6. Colonoscopia virtual: kóva hína colon tomografía rupive, omoheñóiva peteĩ ta'ãnga 3D colon ha recto rehegua.

7. Tuguy ñehesa'ỹijo he'õngue apytépe: ko ñehesa'ỹijo rupive ojehecha oĩpa tuguy tyépe, ikatúva he'ise oĩha cáncer.

8. Enema de bario doble contraste: Kóva hína peteĩ examen de rayos X colon ha recto rehegua, ojeporuhápe peteĩ material de contraste ojehecha hag̃ua oĩramo mba'e naiporãiva.

9. Biopsia: peteĩ biopsia hína ojeipe'a peteĩ tejido michĩmi colon-gui ojehecha hag̃ua microscopio rupive ojehechakuaa hag̃ua oĩpa célula cancerígena.

10. Ta'ãnga jehecha: TC, RM ha radiografía de tórax ikatu ojeporu ojeikuaa hag̃ua cáncer ojeipysoha ambue tendápe.

Ojehecha rire oĩha cáncer de colon, pohanohára oikuaa porãta mba'e estadio-pepa oĩ, ha upéva oipytyvõta ojeikuaa hag̃ua mba'eichagua ñepohãnópa iporãve.

Estadio oñemopyenda tumor tuichakue ha moõpa oĩ, upéicha avei okakuaápa ambue hendápe.

['Jehechapy']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Su Y, Tian X, Gao R, Guo W, Chen C, Chen C, Jia D, Li H, Lv X: Colon cancer diagnosis and staging classification based on machine learning and bioinformatics analysis. Comput Biol Med. 2022, 145 (): 105409.

Khan FA, Albalawi R, Pottoo FH: Trends in targeted delivery of nanomaterials in colon cancer diagnosis and treatment. Med Res Rev. 2022, 42 (1): 227-258.

Shi J, Fei J, Yi Q, Shen L, Wan B, Chen Y, Chang Q: Treatment of colon cancer in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. BMC Cancer. 2018, 18 (1): 961.

Ren QG, Huang T, Yang SL, Hu JL: Colon cancer metastasis to the mandibular gingiva with partial occult squamous differentiation: A case report and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol. 2017, 6 (2): 189-192.

Feng HT, Zou S, Chen M, Xiong F, Lee MH, Fang L, Tang BZ: Tuning Push-Pull Electronic Effects of AIEgens to Boost the Theranostic Efficacy for Colon Cancer. J Am Chem Soc. 2020, 142 (26): 11442-11450.

Slattery ML, Kerber RA: The impact of family history of colon cancer on survival after diagnosis with colon cancer. Int J Epidemiol. 1995, 24 (5): 888-96.

Tada M: [Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer]. Rinsho Byori. 1990, 38 (4): 403-6.

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['Ñemboheraguapy']

["Remba'eporanduséramo térã ereko hag̃ua ne remiandu ehai oréve."]

How is colon cancer diagnosed?

Colon cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:

1. Physical examination: A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for any abnormalities or signs of illness.

2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine if there are any abnormalities in the blood that may indicate the presence of cancer.

3. Stool tests: A stool test can detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may be a sign of colon cancer.

4. Colonoscopy: This is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon.

During a colonoscopy, the doctor can also take tissue samples (biopsies) to be examined for cancer cells.

5. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines the lower part of the colon.

6. Virtual colonoscopy: This is a CT scan of the colon that creates a 3D image of the colon and rectum.

7. Fecal occult blood test: This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer.

8. Double-contrast barium enema: This is an x-ray examination of the colon and rectum, in which a contrast material is used to highlight any abnormalities.

9. Biopsy: A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue from the colon for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.

10. Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI scans, and chest x-rays may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Once a diagnosis of colon cancer is made, the doctor will determine the stage of the cancer, which helps determine the best course of treatment.

Staging is based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as whether it has spread to other parts of the body.

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