Pathophysiology de yon atak kè, tou ke yo rekonèt kòm enfaksyon myokad, enplike nan interruption de flux san pou yon pati nan misk kè, ki mennen a lanmò de cellules kè.
Sa rive tipikman akòz blokaj yon atè kowonè pa yon boul san, ki se souvan rezilta ateroskleroz, yon kondisyon kote plak bati nan atè yo.
Plak la fèt ak kolestewòl, sibstans ki gen anpil grès, dechè ki soti nan selil yo, kalsyòm ak fibrin.
Lè plak la chire, li ka lakòz yon boul nan san fòme, ki ka bloke atè a epi anpeche san ki rich ak oksijèn rive nan misk kè a.
Mank oksijèn sa a lakòz selil misk kè yo mouri, sa ki mennen nan yon atak kè.
Degre domaj la depann de gwosè zòn ki apwovizyone pa atè ki bloke a ak tan ki pase ant atak la ak tretman an.
Sentòm atak kè yo ka gen doulè nan pwatrin oswa malèz, souf kout, kè plen, tèt vire, ak doulè nan bra, kou, machwè, oswa do.
Tretman pou yon atak kè anjeneral enplike nan retabli sikilasyon san nan misk kè a pi vit ke posib, swa nan medikaman oswa pwosedi tankou anjyoplastik ak stent oswa operasyon bypass atè kowonè.
Li enpòtan pou note ke patofizyoloji atak kè a konplèks e li enplike plizyè faktè, tankou faktè jenetik, fason lavi, ak anviwònman.
Faktè risk pou atak kè gen ladan tansyon wo, kolestewòl wo, fimen, dyabèt, obezite, mank aktivite fizik, ak yon istwa fanmi nan maladi kè.
Kontwole faktè risk sa yo ka ede diminye chans pou gen yon atak kè.
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Liu Chung Ming C, Sesperez K, Ben-Sefer E, Arpon D, McGrath K, McClements L, Gentile C: Considerations to Model Heart Disease in Women with Preeclampsia and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells. 2021, 10 (4): .
Hansen J, Victor RG: Direct measurement of sympathetic activity: new insights into disordered blood pressure regulation in chronic renal failure. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1994, 3 (6): 636-43.
LaMacchia JC, Roth MB: Aquaporins-2 and -4 regulate glycogen metabolism and survival during hyposmotic-anoxic stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2015, 309 (2): C92-6.
Tham YK, Bernardo BC, Ooi JY, Weeks KL, McMullen JR: Pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure: signaling pathways and novel therapeutic targets. Arch Toxicol. 2015, 89 (9): 1401-38.
Lonn E: The clinical relevance of pharmacological blood pressure lowering mechanisms. Can J Cardiol. 2004, 20 Suppl B (): 83B-88B.
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What is pathophysiology of heart attack?
The pathophysiology of a heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, involves the disruption of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle, leading to the death of heart cells.
This typically occurs due to the obstruction of a coronary artery by a blood clot, which is often the result of atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries.
The plaque is made up of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin.
When a plaque ruptures, it can cause a blood clot to form, which can block the artery and prevent oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart muscle.
This lack of oxygen causes the heart muscle cells to die, leading to a heart attack.
The extent of the damage depends on the size of the area supplied by the blocked artery and the time between the attack and treatment.
Symptoms of a heart attack can include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, lightheadedness, and pain in the arms, neck, jaw, or back.
Treatment for a heart attack usually involves restoring blood flow to the heart muscle as quickly as possible, either through medication or procedures such as angioplasty and stenting or coronary artery bypass surgery.
It is important to note that the pathophysiology of a heart attack is complex and involves multiple factors, including genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors.
Risk factors for heart attack include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, lack of physical activity, and a family history of heart disease.
Managing these risk factors can help reduce the likelihood of experiencing a heart attack.
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