Olee otú e si achọpụta na mmadụ na-arịa urticaria?
Urticaria, nke a makwaara dị ka hives, bụ ọrịa akpụkpọ ahụ nke na-egosi na akpụkpọ ahụ na-acha ọbara ọbara, na-akpụ akpụ, ma na-afụ ụfụ.
Ọ pụrụ ịbụ n'ihi ihe dịgasị iche iche, gụnyere mmeghachi omume allergy, ọrịa, na ọgwụ ụfọdụ.
Ịchọpụta ọrịa urticaria na-agụnye ịgụnye akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọrịa, nnyocha anụ ahụ, na mgbe ụfọdụ ule ndị a na-eme n'ụlọ nyocha.
1. Akụkọ banyere ọrịa: Dọkịta ga-ajụ banyere akụkọ banyere ọrịa onye ọrịa ahụ, gụnyere ọrịa ọ bụla a maara, ọrịa ndị ọ na-arịa n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, na ọgwụ ndị ọ na-aṅụ.
Ha ga-ajụkwa ajụjụ banyere mmalite nke mgbaàmà ndị ahụ, oge ha na-adịru, na ihe ọ bụla pụrụ ịkpata ha.
2. Nnyocha ahụ́: Dọkịta ga-enyocha akpụkpọ ahụ́ iji chọpụta ma è nwere ọnyá, otú ha hà, na otú ha si gbasaa.
Ha pụkwara inyocha ma è nwere ihe ịrịba ama ndị ọzọ nke mmeghachi omume allergy, dị ka mbufụt nke ihu, egbugbere ọnụ, ma ọ bụ ire.
3. Nnyocha e mere n'ụlọ nyocha: N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, dọkịta pụrụ inye iwu ka a nyochaa ọbara iji chọpụta ma è nwere ọrịa ma ọ bụ ọrịa na-efe efe.
A pụkwara ime ule akpụkpọ ahụ, dị ka ule akpụkpọ ahụ ma ọ bụ ule patch, iji chọpụta ihe ndị na-akpata allergen.
4. Ule allergy: Ọ bụrụ na dọkịta enyowe mmeghachi omume allergy, ọ pụrụ iduga onye ọrịa ahụ n'ebe ọkà n'ihe banyere allergy nọ maka ule ndị ọzọ.
Nke a pụrụ ịgụnye ule akpụkpọ ahụ, ule patch, ma ọ bụ ule ọbara iji chọpụta ihe ndị na-akpata allergen kpọmkwem.
5. Nchọpụta dịgasị iche: Dọkịta ahụ ga-atụlekwa ihe ndị ọzọ pụrụ ịkpata mgbaàmà ndị ahụ, dị ka ọrịa akpụkpọ ahụ ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ ọrịa ndị ọzọ, ọ pụkwara inye iwu ka e mee nnyocha ndị ọzọ iji wepụ ha.
6. Ule ndị na-akpali akpali: N'ọnọdụ urticaria anụ ahụ, bụ́ ebe ihe ndị na-akpali akpali dị ka okpomọkụ, oyi, ma ọ bụ nrụgide na-akpali akpali, dọkịta pụrụ ime ule ndị na-akpali akpali iji kwado nchoputa ahụ.
Nke a na-agụnye ikpughe akpụkpọ ahụ na ihe a na-enyo enyo iji hụ ma mmeghachi omume ọ̀ ga-eme.
7. Nnyocha banyere ọrịa autoimmune: N'ihe banyere ọrịa urticaria na-adịgide adịgide, dọkịta pụrụ inye iwu ka e mee nnyocha iji chọpụta ma è nwere ọrịa autoimmune, ebe ọ bụ na nke a pụrụ ịkpata ọrịa ahụ mgbe ụfọdụ.
8. Nnyocha ihe oyiyi: N'ọnọdụ ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe, a pụrụ inye iwu ka e mee nnyocha ihe oyiyi dị ka X-ray ma ọ bụ CT scan iji wepụ ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ pụrụ ịkpata mgbaàmà ndị yiri ya.
N'ozuzu, nchọpụta nke ọrịa urticaria na-agụnye nchọpụta nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọrịa, nnyocha anụ ahụ, na mgbe ụfọdụ ule ndị a na-eme n'ụlọ nyocha.
Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya bụ ịchọpụta ihe na-akpata ya ma chọpụta ụzọ kasị mma a ga-esi gwọọ onye ọrịa ahụ.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
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How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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