E nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-akpata ọrịa cancer ara, ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-agbanwe agbanwe, ndị ọzọ anaghị agbanwe agbanwe.
Ndị a bụ ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị kasị akpata ihe ize ndụ:
1. Afọ ndụ: Ihe ize ndụ nke ịrịa ọrịa cancer ara na-abawanye ka mmadụ na-etolite, ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a na-arịa ya bụ ụmụ nwanyị karịrị afọ iri ise.
2. Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ezinụlọ: Inwe onye ikwu dị nso, dị ka nne, nwanne nwanyị, ma ọ bụ nwa nwanyị, na-arịa ọrịa cancer ara na-eme ka ihe ize ndụ gị dịkwuo elu.
3. Mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa: Mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ụfọdụ, dị ka BRCA1 na BRCA2, na-eme ka e nwekwuo ihe ize ndụ nke ịrịa ọrịa cancer ara.
4. Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ịmụ nwa: Ịmụ nwa n'oge (mmalite nke ịhụ nsọ), ịmụ nwa n'oge, na ịmụtaghị nwa ma ọ bụ ịmụ nwa mbụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri atọ pụrụ ime ka ihe ize ndụ dịkwuo elu.
5. Ọgwụ mgbochi hormone: Iji ọgwụ estrogen na progesterone eme ihe ruo ogologo oge mgbe menopause gasịrị pụrụ ime ka ihe ize ndụ ahụ dịkwuo elu.
6. Ịṅụ mmanya na-aba n'anya: Ịṅụ mmanya na-aba n'anya na-eme ka e nwekwuo ihe ize ndụ nke ịrịa ọrịa cancer ara.
7. Ibu oké ibu: Ibu oké ibu ma ọ bụ ibu oké ibu na-eme ka ihe ize ndụ ahụ dịkwuo elu, karịsịa mgbe mmadụ nwụsịrị.
8. Imega ahụ́: Enweghị imega ahụ́ pụrụ ime ka ihe ize ndụ ahụ dịkwuo elu.
9. Mmetụta nke ụzarị ọkụ: Mmetụta nke ụzarị ọkụ dị elu, karịsịa n'oge nwata, pụrụ ime ka ihe ize ndụ ahụ mụbaa.
10. Ịdị arọ nke obi: Ụmụ nwanyị ndị obi ha dị arọ nwere ihe ize ndụ ka ukwuu nke ịrịa ọrịa cancer obi.
11. Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ịhụ nsọ: Ndị inyom malitere ịhụ nsọ n'oge (tupu ha eruo afọ iri na abụọ) ma ọ bụ ndị kwụsịrị ịhụ nsọ n'oge (mgbe ha ruru afọ iri ise na ise) nwere ihe ize ndụ ka ukwuu.
12. Ịzụ nwa n'afọ: Ụmụ nwanyị ndị na-enyetụbeghị nwa n'afọ nwere ihe ize ndụ dịtụ elu nke ịrịa ọrịa cancer ara.
Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche na inwe otu ma ọ bụ karịa n'ime ihe ndị na-akpata ọrịa cancer apụtaghị na mmadụ ga-arịa ọrịa cancer ara, enweghịkwa ihe ndị na-akpata ọrịa ara apụtaghị na mmadụ agaghị arịa ọrịa cancer ara.
Otú ọ dị, ịghọta ihe ndị a na-akpata ihe ize ndụ pụrụ inyere ndị mmadụ aka ime mkpebi ndị e ji ihe ọmụma mee banyere ahụ ike ha ma nwee ike ibelata ihe ize ndụ ha.
Wung SF, Hepworth JT, Sparenga D, Merkle CJ: Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Breast Cancer Outcomes: A Pilot Study. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2015, 42 (5): E330-8.
Frankl G: Risk factors in breast cancer: are they important, are they the same in pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer patients? Oncology. 1980, 37 (1): 41-5.
Ho PJ, Lau HSH, Ho WK, Wong FY, Yang Q, Tan KW, Tan MH, Chay WY, Chia KS, Hartman M, Li J: Incidence of breast cancer attributable to breast density, modifiable and non-modifiable breast cancer risk factors in Singapore. Sci Rep. 2020, 10 (1): 503.
Barnard ME, Boeke CE, Tamimi RM: Established breast cancer risk factors and risk of intrinsic tumor subtypes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015, 1856 (1): 73-85.
Hines LM, Risendal B, Slattery ML, Baumgartner KB, Giuliano AR, Sweeney C, Rollison DE, Byers T: Comparative analysis of breast cancer risk factors among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. Cancer. 2010, 116 (13): 3215-23.
Rosner B, Glynn RJ, Eliassen AH, Hankinson SE, Tamimi RM, Chen WY, Holmes MD, Mu Y, Peng C, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Tworoger SS: A Multi-State Survival Model for Time to Breast Cancer Mortality among a Cohort of Initially Disease-Free Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2022, 31 (8): 1582-1592.
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What are the risk factors for breast cancer?
There are several risk factors for breast cancer, some of which are modifiable and others that are not.
Here are some of the most common risk factors:
1. Age: The risk of developing breast cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in women over the age of 50.
2. Family history: Having a close relative, such as a mother, sister, or daughter, with breast cancer increases your risk.
3. Genetic mutations: Certain inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
4. Reproductive history: Early menarche (start of menstruation), late menopause, and having no children or having the first child after age 30 can increase the risk.
5. Hormone replacement therapy: Long-term use of combined estrogen and progesterone hormone therapy after menopause can increase the risk.
6. Alcohol consumption: Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer.
7. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk, especially after menopause.
8. Physical activity: Lack of physical activity can increase the risk.
9. Radiation exposure: Exposure to high doses of radiation, particularly during childhood, can increase the risk.
10. Breast density: Women with dense breasts have a higher risk of developing breast cancer.
11. Menstrual history: Women who started menstruating early (before age 12) or went through menopause late (after age 55) have a slightly higher risk.
12. Breastfeeding: Women who have never breastfed have a slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer.
It is important to note that having one or more risk factors does not mean that a person will definitely develop breast cancer, and not having any risk factors does not guarantee that a person will not develop breast cancer.
However, understanding these risk factors can help individuals make informed decisions about their health and potentially reduce their risk.
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