E nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-akpata ọrịa shuga, gụnyere:
1. Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ezinụlọ: Inwe nne ma ọ bụ nna ma ọ bụ nwanne ma ọ bụ nwanne nwanyị na-arịa ọrịa shuga na-eme ka ihe ize ndụ gị dịkwuo elu.
2. Afọ ndụ: Ihe ize ndụ nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ na-abawanye ka ị na-etolite, karịsịa mgbe ị gafere afọ 45.
3. Ibu ibu: Ịdị arọ ma ọ bụ ibu ibu na-eme ka ihe ize ndụ gị dịkwuo elu.
4. Ịghara ịna-emega ahụ́: Ịghara ịna-emega ahụ́ nwere ike ime ka ọrịa gị ka njọ.
5. Agbụrụ ma ọ bụ agbụrụ: Ụfọdụ agbụrụ, dị ka ndị Africa bụ́ ndị America, ndị Hispanic bụ́ ndị America, ndị Native American, na ndị Asia bụ́ ndị America, nwere ihe ize ndụ ka ukwuu nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga ụdị nke abụọ.
Ọrịa shuga nke afọ ime: Ụmụ nwanyị ndị nwere ọrịa shuga nke afọ ime n'oge ha dị ime nwere ihe ize ndụ ka ukwuu nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ n'oge ndụ ha.
7. Polycystic ovary syndrome: Ụmụ nwanyị nwere ọnọdụ a nwere ihe ize ndụ dị elu nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ.
8. Mmetabolic syndrome: Ọnọdụ a, gụnyere ọbara mgbali elu, cholesterol dị elu, na okirikiri ukwu nke úkwù, na-eme ka ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ bawanye.
9. Ịṅụ sịga: Ịṅụ sịga pụrụ ime ka insulin na-eguzogide ọgwụ, bụ́ nke pụrụ iduga n'ọrịa shuga ụdị nke abụọ.
10. Prediabetes: Inwe prediabetes, ma ọ bụ ọkwa shuga dị elu karịa nke nkịtị n'ọbara, na-eme ka ihe ize ndụ nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga ụdị nke abụọ dịkwuo elu.
11. Ibu dị ala mgbe a mụrụ ya: Ụmụaka na-ebu ibu dị ala mgbe a mụrụ ha na-enwekwu ihe ize ndụ nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ n'oge ndụ ha.
12. Ọbara mgbali elu: Ọbara mgbali elu na-eme ka e nwekwuo ihe ize ndụ nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ.
13. Ọnọdụ cholesterol na triglyceride na-adịghị mma: Ọnọdụ triglyceride dị elu na ọkwa HDL (ọma) cholesterol dị ala na-eme ka ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa shuga ụdị nke abụọ dịkwuo elu.
14. Apnea ụra: Ndị na-arịa apnea ụra na-enwekwu ihe ize ndụ nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ.
15. Nchegbu: Nchegbu na-adịgide adịgide pụrụ ime ka e nwekwuo ihe ize ndụ nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ.
Ọgwụ ụfọdụ: Ọgwụ ụfọdụ, dị ka steroid na ọgwụ ndị na-egbochi ọrịa uche, pụrụ ime ka ihe ize ndụ nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ bawanye.
17. Ọrịa ọgbụgba: Ọrịa ọgbụgba na-adịgide adịgide pụrụ ime ka e nwekwuo ihe ize ndụ nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ.
Ụzọ ndụ na-adịghị agazi agazi: Ụzọ ndụ na-adịghị agazi agazi pụrụ ime ka ihe ize ndụ nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ bawanye.
Nri nwere ọtụtụ abụba na calorie: Iri nri nwere ọtụtụ abụba na calorie na-adịghị mma pụrụ ime ka e nwekwuo ihe ize ndụ nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ.
20. Ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè: Ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè pụrụ ime ka e nwekwuo ihe ize ndụ nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ.
Ihi ụra nke ọma: Ihi ụra nke ọma pụrụ ime ka e nwekwuo ihe ize ndụ nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ.
Mmetọ ikuku: Mmetụta nke mmetọ ikuku pụrụ ime ka ihe ize ndụ nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ bawanye.
Ọrịa ụfọdụ: Ọrịa ụfọdụ, dị ka ọrịa hepatitis C, pụrụ ime ka e nwekwuo ihe ize ndụ nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ.
24. Homocysteine dị elu: Homocysteine dị elu, bụ́ amino acid, pụrụ ime ka e nwekwuo ihe ize ndụ nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ.
25. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke uric acid: Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke uric acid, nke bụ ihe mkpofu, pụrụ ime ka e nwekwuo ihe ize ndụ nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ.
26. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke protein C-reactive: Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke protein C-reactive, nke bụ ihe na-egosi mbufụt, pụrụ ime ka ihe ize ndụ nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ mụbaa.
27. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke fibrinogen: Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke fibrinogen, bụ́ protein na-ekere òkè n'ịkpọkọ ọbara, pụrụ ime ka ihe ize ndụ nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ dịkwuo elu.
28. Ọnọdụ dị elu nke PAI-1: Ọnọdụ dị elu nke PAI-1, protein na-ekere òkè n'ịkpọkọ ọbara, pụrụ ime ka ihe ize ndụ nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ bawanye.
29. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke leptin: Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke leptin, bụ́ hormone na-ekere òkè n'ịchịkwa agụụ, pụrụ ime ka ihe ize ndụ nke ịrịa ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ dịkwuo elu.
30. High levels of resistin: High levels of resistin, a hormone involved in insulin resistance, nwere ike ime ka ihe ize ndụ nke ịzụlite
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Bielinski SJ, Pankow JS, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Bailey K, Li M, Selvin E, Couper D, Vazquez G, Brancati F: Strength of association for incident diabetes risk factors according to diabetes case definitions: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2012, 175 (5): 466-72.
Gangwisch JE, Gross R, Malaspina D: Differential Associations Between Depression, Risk Factors for Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Incidence in a Large U.S. Sample. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2015, 52 (2): 85-90.
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Brodalko B: [Diabetes risk factors in the Regional Railway Hospital in Lublin, described on the basis of medical documentation]. Wiad Lek. 2000, 53 (5-6): 255-61.
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What are the risk factors for diabetes?
There are several risk factors for diabetes, including:
1. Family history: Having a parent or sibling with diabetes increases your risk.
2. Age: The risk of type 2 diabetes increases as you get older, especially after age 45.
3. Weight: Being overweight or obese increases your risk.
4. Physical inactivity: Lack of exercise can increase your risk.
5. Race or ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups, such as African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans, have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
6. Gestational diabetes: Women who have had gestational diabetes during pregnancy are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
7. Polycystic ovary syndrome: Women with this condition have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
8. Metabolic syndrome: This cluster of conditions, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and large waist circumference, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.
9. Smoking: Smoking can increase insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes.
10. Prediabetes: Having prediabetes, or higher than normal blood sugar levels, increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
11. Low birth weight: Babies with low birth weight have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
12. High blood pressure: Having high blood pressure increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
13. Abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels: High levels of triglycerides and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.
14. Sleep apnea: People with sleep apnea have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
15. Stress: Chronic stress can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
16. Certain medications: Some medications, such as steroids and antipsychotics, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
17. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
18. Sedentary lifestyle: A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
19. High-fat, high-calorie diet: Consuming a diet high in unhealthy fats and calories can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
20. Alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
21. Sleep deprivation: Inadequate sleep can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
22. Air pollution: Exposure to air pollution can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
23. Certain infections: Certain infections, such as hepatitis C, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
24. High levels of homocysteine: High levels of homocysteine, an amino acid, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
25. High levels of uric acid: High levels of uric acid, a waste product, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
26. High levels of C-reactive protein: High levels of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
27. High levels of fibrinogen: High levels of fibrinogen, a protein involved in blood clotting, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
28. High levels of PAI-1: High levels of PAI-1, a protein involved in blood clotting, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
29. High levels of leptin: High levels of leptin, a hormone involved in appetite regulation, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
30. High levels of resistin: High levels of resistin, a hormone involved in insulin resistance, can increase the risk of developing
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