Nbawnu a ana hpe ndai zawn san jep ai lam ni hte galaw ai lam ni hte chye lu ai:
1. N-gup hpe jep ai lam: Tsi sarawun gaw, n-gup hta gumgun nga ai, kaba ai, hkrang galai shai ai, kaga lam ni nga ai kun? ngu ai lam ni hpe jep ya na re.
2. Mammogram: Nba n mu shi yang pyi, n kaja ai hpe mu lu ai nba a x-ray sumla re.
3. Ultrasound: Nba nra hta kap ai lam gaw, nra hta kap ai baw re ai kun? ngu ai hpe chye lu hkra, nsen hte nba nra hpe sumla dem ya ai.
4. MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan gaw, magnetic field hte radio wave ni hpe jailang nna, chyu shan a hkrang hpe atsawm mu lu ai.
5. Hkum hkrang hpe jep yu ai lam: Hkum hkrang hta cancer ana n nga ai hpe chye lu hkra, hkri bawm kaw na sai loi mi hpe shaw la nna, microscope hte jep yu ai.
6. Sai jep ai lam: Hkum hkrang sai jahpan (sh) hkala nba hpe mu lu na matu, sai jep ai lam nkau mi galaw ra ai.
7. Hkum shan hta kap ai ana (genetic testing): Kanu kawa ni hta hkum shan hta kap ai ana byin wa ai nga yang, hkum shan hta kap ai ana byin wa hkra grau sawng hkra galaw ya ai, hkai da ai hkrihkraw ana (gene mutation) nga ai kun? ngu ai hpe chye lu hkra, hkrihkraw ana hpe jep yu ra ai.
8. Bone scan, CT scan, PET scan: Dai zawn re ai hkingrai ni gaw, hkum hkrang a kaga daw ni de cancer ana chyam bra wa sai kun? ngu ai hpe chye lu ai.
Nbawnu hta ana kap ai ngu chye jang, ana kade daram kaba ai hpe bai jep yu ra ai.
Zahoor S, Lali IU, Khan MA, Javed K, Mehmood W: Breast Cancer Detection and Classification using Traditional Computer Vision Techniques: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Med Imaging. 2020, 16 (10): 1187-1200.
Dewar MA, Love N: Legal issues in managing breast disease. Postgrad Med. 1992, 92 (5): 137-40, 143-4, 149-51 passim.
Donepudi MS, Kondapalli K, Amos SJ, Venkanteshan P: Breast cancer statistics and markers. J Cancer Res Ther. , 10 (3): 506-11.
Sazuka T, Miyazawa Y, Tochigi T, Hirano A, Mori M, Kosugi C, Shuto K, Kasahara K, Hiroshima Y, Matsuo K, Tanaka K, Yamazaki K, Koda K, Matsubara H: [A Case of Rectal Metastasis from Breast Cancer Diagnosed Two Years after Surgery]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2017, 44 (12): 1254-1256.
Yan J, Liu Z, Du S, Li J, Ma L, Li L: Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer in the Precision Medicine Era. Methods Mol Biol. 2020, 2204 (): 53-61.
Cong J, Wei B, He Y, Yin Y, Zheng Y: A Selective Ensemble Classification Method Combining Mammography Images with Ultrasound Images for Breast Cancer Diagnosis. Comput Math Methods Med. 2017, 2017 (): 4896386.
Cui R, Wang C, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Li Y: Serum Carboxypeptidase N1 Serves as a Potential Biomarker Complementing CA15-3 for Breast Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2020, 20 (17): 2053-2065.
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['Hti na ahkang n nga ai: copyright']
['1998 ning Digital Millennium Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the DMCA) gaw Internet kaw mara da ai lam ni gaw US copyright law npu na madu a ahkaw ahkang hpe tawt lai ai ngu kam ai copyright madu ni hpe ahkaw ahkang jaw da ai.']
['Anhte a website hte seng nna, (sh) anhte a magam bungli ni hte seng nna, mara shagun da ai lam ni gaw, na a copyright hpe tawt lai ai ngu nna nang kam ai nga yang, dai lam ni hpe dawm kau na matu (sh) dai ni hpe n mai lu hkra pat kau na matu, nang (sh) na a kasa gaw anhte hpe shana mai ai.']
['Dai shiga ni hpe laika hte ka nna email hte shagun ra ai (email address hpe "Contact" daw kaw mu lu na re).']
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['(5) N teng n man ai sakse hkam ai lam hte seng nna, nang masat da ai hte maren, shana ai lam hta lawm ai shiga ni gaw teng man ai hte, nang tawt lai ai ngu ai copyright hpe hkan sa na ahkang nga ai lam.']
['hte (6) copyright madu a mying hte galaw na ahkang lu ai wa a hkum hkrang (sh) electronic signature.']
['Lahta na lam ni hpe n ka bang ai rai yang, nang shagun ai laika hpe hpang hkrat ai hte n mai htang ai.']
['Matut Mahkai U']
['Gara hku mung san mayu yang email hte shana ya rit.']
How is breast cancer diagnosed?
Breast cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Clinical breast exam: A healthcare professional will examine the breasts for any lumps, changes in size or shape, or other abnormalities.
2. Mammogram: An x-ray of the breast that can detect abnormalities even before they can be felt.
3. Ultrasound: A test that uses sound waves to create an image of the breast tissue, which can help determine if a lump is solid or filled with fluid.
4. MRI: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast tissue.
5. Biopsy: A small sample of breast tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
6. Blood tests: Certain blood tests, such as a complete blood count or tumor markers, may be done to help determine the stage of the cancer or to monitor treatment.
7. Genetic testing: If there is a family history of breast cancer, genetic testing may be done to determine if there is an inherited gene mutation that increases the risk of developing breast cancer.
8. Bone scan, CT scan, or PET scan: These imaging tests may be done to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of breast cancer is made, further tests may be done to determine the stage and grade of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
Disclaimer: medical
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The information provided should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, and those seeking personal medical advice should consult with a licensed physician.
Please note the neural net that generates answers to the questions, is specially inaccurate when it comes to numeric content. For example, the number of people diagnosed with a specific disease.
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