Urticaria ngu ai gaw, hpyi shan hta hkyeng ai, hkyawk ai hte pu ai lam byin ai.
Dai gaw ana htang maja ai lam, ana kap ai lam hte tsi nkau mi a majaw byin chye ai.
Urticaria ana hpe chye lu na matu, ana labau, hkum hkrang jep ai lam, kalang lang gaw laboratory kaw jep ai lam ni hpe galaw ra ai.
1. Machyi makaw lam: Machyi makaw byin ai lam, ya sha machyi ai lam, tsi mawan ni hte seng nna, shi a ana ahkya lam hpe san ai.
Dai zawn byin hpang ai aten, byin ai aten kade na ai hte hpa majaw byin ai lam ni hpe mung san chye ai.
2. Hkum hkrang san jep ai lam: Tsi sarawun gaw, hpyi shan hta ningma nga ai, dai ningma ni a kaba ai hte gara shara kaw nga ai hpe san jep ya na re.
Dai hta n-ga, myi man, n-gup, shing nrai shinglet pu ai zawn re ai kaga ana ahkya ni hpe mung jep ya na re.
3. Laboratory kaw jep ai lam: Lama ma hta, ana htang maja ai lam (sh) ana kap ai lam n nga ai hpe chye lu hkra, sai jep na matu, tsi sarawun htet da chye ai.
Shingjawng ai shaloi, shanhpyi hte shanhpyi hpe chyam yu nna, ana byin shangun ai lam hpe chye lu na matu, shanhpyi hpe chyam yu ra ai.
4. Allergy ana jep ai lam: Ana byin ai ngu hkam la yang, ana jep ai lam matut galaw na matu ana jep ai sara langai hpang de sa shangun ai.
Dai hta, ana byin shangun ai lam ni hpe chye lu hkra, shanhpyi hte shanhpyi hpe chyam yu ai, sai jep ai lam ni lawm ai.
5. Ana hpe chye ginhka lu na matu: Tsi sarawun gaw, kaga hpyi ana ni (sh) kaga ana ni zawn re ai, ana byin ai lam ni hpe mung myit yu nna, dai hpe chye na matu, kaga ana jep ai lam ni galaw shangun na re.
6. Hkam sha lam: Hkam sha lam hta, hkum hkrang hta byin ai shingna (urticaria) ngu ai gaw, hkum hkrang hta byin ai lam ni re.
Dai gaw, ana byin wa na hpe chye lu hkra, ana byin ai shara kaw shan hpe jahkrat nna, hkamsha ai lam hpe yu ai re.
7. Tinang hkum tinang ninghkap ai ana ni hpe jep ai lam: Hkum shan hta ana ni grai sawng wa ai shaloi, dai ana hpe byin shangun ai lam ni nga ai majaw, autoimmune ana ni hpe jep na matu, tsi sarawun gaw htet da chye ai.
8. Hkamja lam hte seng nna sumla ni hpe yu ai lam: Dai zawn re ai lam ni byin chye ai kaga ana ni hpe n nga ai ngu nna tsun lu na matu, X-ray (sh) CT scan zawn re ai sumla ni hpe yu shangun ai lam ni hpe galaw ra ai.
Dai majaw, ana htang maja ai lam hta, ana labau, hkum hkrang jep ai lam, kalang lang gaw laboratory kaw jep ai lam ni hpe madung dat nna, ana htang maja ai lam galaw ra ai.
Dai majaw, machyi ai wa a matu kaja htum tsi lajang ai lam hpe chye na matu shakut ra ai.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
['N hkap la ai lam: tsi mawan']
['Ndai website gaw hpaji jaw ai hte chye na matu sha galaw da ai.']
['Ndai laika buk hta lawm ai lam ni hpe hkamja lam hte seng nna, ana jep ai (sh) tsi ai lam hta n mai jai lang ai.']
['Ga san ni a mahtai hpe shapraw ya ai neural net gaw, ga shadawn, masha langai ngai hta ana langai ngai mu lu ai lam ni hpe madun ai shaloi, n hkrak ai.']
['Ndai website hta mu lu ai lam ni a majaw, tsi sarawun ni a hpaji jaw ga hpe galoi mung n madat ai sha, hpang hkrat ai lam n galaw u. Tsi hte seng nna, ra kadawn nga ai lam nga yang, 911 hpe shaga u. Ndai website hte dai hpe lang ai lam gaw, tsi sarawun hte machyi masha lapran hku hkau lam n nga ai. BioMedLib hte shi a bungli galaw masha ni, ndai website hta shang lawm ai ni kadai mung, ndai kaw lawm ai shiga hte seng nna, tsun mayu ai lam (sh) tsun ai hku nna, hpa ga sadi jaw ai lam n nga ai.']
['Hti na ahkang n nga ai: copyright']
['1998 ning Digital Millennium Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the DMCA) gaw Internet kaw mara da ai lam ni gaw US copyright law npu na madu a ahkaw ahkang hpe tawt lai ai ngu kam ai copyright madu ni hpe ahkaw ahkang jaw da ai.']
['Anhte a website hte seng nna, (sh) anhte a magam bungli ni hte seng nna, mara shagun da ai lam ni gaw, na a copyright hpe tawt lai ai ngu nna nang kam ai nga yang, dai lam ni hpe dawm kau na matu (sh) dai ni hpe n mai lu hkra pat kau na matu, nang (sh) na a kasa gaw anhte hpe shana mai ai.']
['Dai shiga ni hpe laika hte ka nna email hte shagun ra ai (email address hpe "Contact" daw kaw mu lu na re).']
['Dai DMCA gaw, na a copyright tawt lai ai lam hpe shana ai hta lawu na lam ni lawm ra ai: (1) tawt lai ai ngu ai copyright lu ai bungli a lam; (2) tawt lai ai ngu ai lam hte seng ai lam hte dai hpe mu tam lu na matu anhte hpe karum ya ai lam; (3) na a matut mahkai lam, na a shara, phone number hte email hte seng ai lam ni; (4) nang mara shagun ai lam gaw copyright madu, shi a agent (sh) tara upadi hte n seng ai ngu ai hpe nang kam ai lam.']
['(5) N teng n man ai sakse hkam ai lam hte seng nna, nang masat da ai hte maren, shana ai lam hta lawm ai shiga ni gaw teng man ai hte, nang tawt lai ai ngu ai copyright hpe hkan sa na ahkang nga ai lam.']
['hte (6) copyright madu a mying hte galaw na ahkang lu ai wa a hkum hkrang (sh) electronic signature.']
['Lahta na lam ni hpe n ka bang ai rai yang, nang shagun ai laika hpe hpang hkrat ai hte n mai htang ai.']
['Matut Mahkai U']
['Gara hku mung san mayu yang email hte shana ya rit.']
How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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