Mũndũ no akwatwe nĩ kanza ya kĩthũi atũmĩĩte nzĩa syĩ kĩvathũkany'o ta ii:
1. Kũsiw'a kwa ĩia: Ndakĩtalĩ nũsiasya ĩia nĩ kana amanye ethĩwa yĩ na kĩndũ kĩna kĩũmanyĩka, kana yĩ na ũalyũku mũna.
2. Ĩsimo ya mamutha: Ĩsu nĩ nzĩa ya kwosa visa wa ĩia na ĩkamanyĩthya ethĩwa yĩ na thĩna o na mũndũ atanamba kũyĩw'a.
3. Kwĩthĩa kana ve kĩndũ kĩtumĩte ĩvu yĩtumbũka (ultrasound): Mũndũ atũmĩa wasya kũsisya ĩvu nĩ kana amanye ethĩwa ve kĩndũ kĩtumĩte ĩvu yĩtumbũka kana yĩ na kĩndũ kĩ na kĩw'ũ.
4. MRI: Masinĩ ĩsu ĩtũmĩaa vinya wa masinĩ vamwe na kĩseve kya letiũ kũsola mavisa ma mamutha ma ĩia.
5. Kwĩyĩosya: Mũndũ atwawa ĩvu na ayĩthiana na masinĩ ya microscope nĩ kana amanye ethĩwa yĩ na tũla twĩndũ tũnini tũtonya kũtuma ethĩwa na kanza.
6. Kwĩthima nthakame: Mũndũ no athembe nthakame nĩ kana amanye nĩ mũthemba wĩva wa kanza wĩ naw'o kana nĩ ũvainia ũendeee.
7. Kwĩthima ũndũ mwĩĩ ũilyĩ: Ethĩwa ve andũ amwe ma mũsyĩ maĩ na kanza ya ĩnyw'a, no mathimwe mamanthe ethĩwa ve ũndũ ũilyĩ mwĩĩnĩ woo ũla ũtonya kũtuma mũndũ ethĩwa na kanza ĩsu.
8. Masinĩ sya CT, PET, kana CT scan: Masinĩ isu nitũmĩawa kũmanya kana kanza nĩyavikie mamutha angĩ ma mwĩĩ.
Ĩla mũndũ wamanyĩka kana e na kanza ya nondo, nĩvatonyeka akatwawa kũndũ kũngĩ akathimwa nĩ kana amanye nĩ kanza yĩana na yĩ na mathĩna meva.
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['Ũtao:']
["Kĩsese kĩĩ kĩseũvĩtw'e kwondũ wa kũmanyĩsya na kũtetheesya andũ, ĩndĩ ti kũnengane motao ma ũiiti kana ũtethyo ũngĩ."]
['Ũvoo ũla wĩ vo ndwaĩle kũtũmĩwa kũĩkĩĩthya kana mũndũ e na ũwau mũna, na ala mekwenda ũtao wa ũiiti maĩle kũneena na ndakĩtalĩ.']
["Kwa ngelekany'o, ĩla mũndũ wakũlya ĩkũlyo yĩ na namba, no amanye kana mũndũ ũsu e na ũwau mũna."]
['Kĩla ĩvinda neena na ndakĩtalĩ waku kana mũndũ ũngĩ ũsomeete maũndũ ma ũiiti. Ndũkaatate kũlea kana kũkua ĩvinda ũimũkũlya ũtao aĩ nũndũ wa maũndũ amwe wasoma Kĩsesenĩ kĩĩ. Ethĩwa wĩona ta wĩ na thĩna wa mĩtũkĩ, neena na namba ya 911 kana ũthi sivitalĩ ya mĩtũkĩ ĩla yĩ vakuvĩ.']
['Ũtao:']
['The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the DMCA) nĩyaĩtye kana ala me na ũthasyo wa kumĩthya syĩndũ ila syĩ Indanetinĩ nĩmaĩle kũtata ũndũ matonya nĩ kana maĩkĩĩthye kana syĩndũ ila mekumĩthya nĩsyavĩnga mĩao ya nthĩ ya Amelika.']
['Ethĩwa wĩ na mũĩkĩĩo kana ũvoo ũla wĩ kĩsesenĩ kitũ kana nthĩnĩ wa syĩndũ ila tumasya nũvĩtĩsye mĩao yaku, no ũtũtũmĩe valũa ũũtwĩĩte kana no ũtũsiĩĩe tũikamĩsome.']
["Mĩao ya DMCA yaĩtye kana no nginya ũvoo ũla ũũtũmĩa kũtũtavya kana ve kĩndũ kĩna kĩnavĩnga mĩao ya kumĩthya syĩndũ wĩthĩwe na ũvoo ũũ: (1) ũvoo ĩũlũ wa syĩndũ ila iwetetwe kana nĩsyo ivĩngĩĩsiwe nĩ mĩao ĩsu; (2) ũvoo ĩũlũ wa syĩndũ ila iwetetwe kana nĩsyo ivĩngĩĩsiwe nĩ mĩao ĩsu na ũvoo ũtonya kũtũtetheesya kũmanya vala syĩndũ isu syĩ; (3) ũndũ ũtonya kũtũtavya ũndũ ũtonya kũtũtavya ũndũ ũtonya kũũkũlya, ta vala wĩkalaa, namba yaku ya simũ, na valũa waku wa simũ; (4) ũĩkĩĩthyo ũkwonany'a kana wĩ na mũĩkĩĩo kana syĩndũ ila iwetetwe vau iyĩtĩkĩlĩtw'e nĩ ũla wĩ na ũthasyo wa kũseũvya syĩndũ, kana nĩ mũũngamĩi wasyo, kana nĩ mĩao ĩngĩ."]
["(5) ũĩkĩĩthyo kuma kwaku, ũla ũandĩkĩte ũikĩa ũkũsĩ ũte wa w'o, kana ũvoo ũla wĩ nthĩnĩ wa livoti nĩ wa w'o na kana wĩ na ũkũmũ wa kũũngamĩa maũndũ ala mawetwa nĩ ũla ũkũũmĩw'a;"]
['Na (6) saii ya mwene syĩndũ kana mũndũ ũla ũnengetwe ũkũmũ wa kwĩka maũndũ kwondũ wake.']
Breast cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Clinical breast exam: A healthcare professional will examine the breasts for any lumps, changes in size or shape, or other abnormalities.
2. Mammogram: An x-ray of the breast that can detect abnormalities even before they can be felt.
3. Ultrasound: A test that uses sound waves to create an image of the breast tissue, which can help determine if a lump is solid or filled with fluid.
4. MRI: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast tissue.
5. Biopsy: A small sample of breast tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
6. Blood tests: Certain blood tests, such as a complete blood count or tumor markers, may be done to help determine the stage of the cancer or to monitor treatment.
7. Genetic testing: If there is a family history of breast cancer, genetic testing may be done to determine if there is an inherited gene mutation that increases the risk of developing breast cancer.
8. Bone scan, CT scan, or PET scan: These imaging tests may be done to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of breast cancer is made, further tests may be done to determine the stage and grade of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
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Disclaimer: copyright
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