Ve maũndũ maingĩ matonya kũtuma mũndũ ethĩwa na kanza ya ĩnyw'a, amwe matonya kũvĩndũawa na angĩ maitonya kũvĩndũwa.
Maũndũ amwe matonya kũtuma ũwa mũno nĩ aa:
1. Ũkũũ: Mũndũ akũa nũtonya kũkwata kanza ya kĩthũi, na mũno mũno ethĩwa e na myaka mbee wa 50.
2. Andũ amwe ma mũsyĩ: Ethĩwa ve mũndũ wa mũsyĩ wĩ na kanza ya nondo, ta inyia, mwĩĩtu-a-inyia, kana mwĩĩtu-a-inyia, nũtonya kwĩthĩwa na ũwau ũsu.
3. Kwĩthĩwa na ũwau wa kũvĩndũa wa mũthemba mũna wa ĩvu (genetic mutations): Ve ũwau wa kũvĩndũa wa mũthemba mũna wa ĩvu (gene mutations) ũla ũtonya kũtuma mũndũ ethĩwa na ũwau wa kanza ya ĩvu.
4. Mũndũ mũka wĩ myaka mbee wa 50 na kĩndũ: Mũndũ nũtonya kwambĩĩa kũsyawa tene, akavika myaka ĩla mũndũ ũtesa kũka nĩ kana aekane na kũsyawa, na mũndũ mũka ũte na syana kana ũla wasyaie kana kake ka mbee e na myaka mbee wa 30 nũtonya kwĩthĩwa na ũwau ũsu.
5. Kũiitwa na ndawa sya kũvĩndũa hormone: Mũndũ amina kũeka kũsyawa kwa syana na ayĩkala ĩvinda ĩasa aitũmĩa ndawa sya kũvĩndũa hormone (estrogen na progesterone) nũtonya kwĩthĩwa na ũwau ũsu.
6. Kũnyw'a ũkĩ: Kũnyw'a ũkĩ nĩkũtonya kũtuma mũndũ ethĩwa na ũwau wa kanza ya kĩthũi.
7. Ũkũũ mwingĩ: Mũndũ ũla wĩ na ũito mwingĩ kana wĩ na mwĩĩ mwingĩ mũno nũtonya kũkwatwa nĩ ũwau ũsu, na mũno mũno ethĩwa nĩwavikya myaka ĩla mũndũ wĩthĩawa na thĩna wa kũeka kũya.
8. Kwĩthĩwa na kĩthito: Kwĩthĩwa na kĩthito kĩnini no kũtume ũwa ũsu wongeleka.
9. Kwĩthĩwa na mũisyo wa kũvĩvw'a nĩ syũki: Mũndũ eethĩwa na mũisyo wa kũvĩvw'a nĩ syũki mũno, na mũno mũno e mũnini, nũtonya kũkw'a.
10. Ũkunĩkĩli wĩonany'a kana aka ala me na ũkunĩkĩli mwingĩ ĩũlũ wa mamutha moo methĩawa matonya kũkwatwa nĩ kanza ya ĩmũtũ.
11. Kũemwa nĩ kũka kwa myei: Aka ala mambĩĩe kũka kwa myei tene (matanamba myaka 12) kana ala maeka kũka kwa myei ĩtina (mavikya myaka 55) nĩmatonya kwĩthĩwa na ũwau ũsu mũno.
12. Kũsyaa: Aka ala mataasyaa kana matew'aa nĩ laisi makwate kanza.
Nĩ ũndũ wa vata kũmanya kana mũndũ eethĩwa na kĩndũ kĩmwe kana o syĩndũ mbingĩ itonya kũtuma akwatwa nĩ kanza ya ĩnyw'a, ũu ti kwasya kana ndakesa kũkwatwa nĩ kanza ĩsu.
Ĩndĩ kũmanya maũndũ asu no kũtume mũndũ atw'a nesa ethĩwa nũkwenda kũiitwa, na no kũtume ethĩwa na ũima wa mwĩĩ.
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Ho PJ, Lau HSH, Ho WK, Wong FY, Yang Q, Tan KW, Tan MH, Chay WY, Chia KS, Hartman M, Li J: Incidence of breast cancer attributable to breast density, modifiable and non-modifiable breast cancer risk factors in Singapore. Sci Rep. 2020, 10 (1): 503.
Barnard ME, Boeke CE, Tamimi RM: Established breast cancer risk factors and risk of intrinsic tumor subtypes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015, 1856 (1): 73-85.
Hines LM, Risendal B, Slattery ML, Baumgartner KB, Giuliano AR, Sweeney C, Rollison DE, Byers T: Comparative analysis of breast cancer risk factors among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. Cancer. 2010, 116 (13): 3215-23.
Rosner B, Glynn RJ, Eliassen AH, Hankinson SE, Tamimi RM, Chen WY, Holmes MD, Mu Y, Peng C, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Tworoger SS: A Multi-State Survival Model for Time to Breast Cancer Mortality among a Cohort of Initially Disease-Free Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2022, 31 (8): 1582-1592.
['Ũtao:']
["Kĩsese kĩĩ kĩseũvĩtw'e kwondũ wa kũmanyĩsya na kũtetheesya andũ, ĩndĩ ti kũnengane motao ma ũiiti kana ũtethyo ũngĩ."]
['Ũvoo ũla wĩ vo ndwaĩle kũtũmĩwa kũĩkĩĩthya kana mũndũ e na ũwau mũna, na ala mekwenda ũtao wa ũiiti maĩle kũneena na ndakĩtalĩ.']
["Kwa ngelekany'o, ĩla mũndũ wakũlya ĩkũlyo yĩ na namba, no amanye kana mũndũ ũsu e na ũwau mũna."]
['Kĩla ĩvinda neena na ndakĩtalĩ waku kana mũndũ ũngĩ ũsomeete maũndũ ma ũiiti. Ndũkaatate kũlea kana kũkua ĩvinda ũimũkũlya ũtao aĩ nũndũ wa maũndũ amwe wasoma Kĩsesenĩ kĩĩ. Ethĩwa wĩona ta wĩ na thĩna wa mĩtũkĩ, neena na namba ya 911 kana ũthi sivitalĩ ya mĩtũkĩ ĩla yĩ vakuvĩ.']
['Ũtao:']
['The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the DMCA) nĩyaĩtye kana ala me na ũthasyo wa kumĩthya syĩndũ ila syĩ Indanetinĩ nĩmaĩle kũtata ũndũ matonya nĩ kana maĩkĩĩthye kana syĩndũ ila mekumĩthya nĩsyavĩnga mĩao ya nthĩ ya Amelika.']
['Ethĩwa wĩ na mũĩkĩĩo kana ũvoo ũla wĩ kĩsesenĩ kitũ kana nthĩnĩ wa syĩndũ ila tumasya nũvĩtĩsye mĩao yaku, no ũtũtũmĩe valũa ũũtwĩĩte kana no ũtũsiĩĩe tũikamĩsome.']
["Mĩao ya DMCA yaĩtye kana no nginya ũvoo ũla ũũtũmĩa kũtũtavya kana ve kĩndũ kĩna kĩnavĩnga mĩao ya kumĩthya syĩndũ wĩthĩwe na ũvoo ũũ: (1) ũvoo ĩũlũ wa syĩndũ ila iwetetwe kana nĩsyo ivĩngĩĩsiwe nĩ mĩao ĩsu; (2) ũvoo ĩũlũ wa syĩndũ ila iwetetwe kana nĩsyo ivĩngĩĩsiwe nĩ mĩao ĩsu na ũvoo ũtonya kũtũtetheesya kũmanya vala syĩndũ isu syĩ; (3) ũndũ ũtonya kũtũtavya ũndũ ũtonya kũtũtavya ũndũ ũtonya kũũkũlya, ta vala wĩkalaa, namba yaku ya simũ, na valũa waku wa simũ; (4) ũĩkĩĩthyo ũkwonany'a kana wĩ na mũĩkĩĩo kana syĩndũ ila iwetetwe vau iyĩtĩkĩlĩtw'e nĩ ũla wĩ na ũthasyo wa kũseũvya syĩndũ, kana nĩ mũũngamĩi wasyo, kana nĩ mĩao ĩngĩ."]
["(5) ũĩkĩĩthyo kuma kwaku, ũla ũandĩkĩte ũikĩa ũkũsĩ ũte wa w'o, kana ũvoo ũla wĩ nthĩnĩ wa livoti nĩ wa w'o na kana wĩ na ũkũmũ wa kũũngamĩa maũndũ ala mawetwa nĩ ũla ũkũũmĩw'a;"]
['Na (6) saii ya mwene syĩndũ kana mũndũ ũla ũnengetwe ũkũmũ wa kwĩka maũndũ kwondũ wake.']
There are several risk factors for breast cancer, some of which are modifiable and others that are not.
Here are some of the most common risk factors:
1. Age: The risk of developing breast cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in women over the age of 50.
2. Family history: Having a close relative, such as a mother, sister, or daughter, with breast cancer increases your risk.
3. Genetic mutations: Certain inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
4. Reproductive history: Early menarche (start of menstruation), late menopause, and having no children or having the first child after age 30 can increase the risk.
5. Hormone replacement therapy: Long-term use of combined estrogen and progesterone hormone therapy after menopause can increase the risk.
6. Alcohol consumption: Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer.
7. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk, especially after menopause.
8. Physical activity: Lack of physical activity can increase the risk.
9. Radiation exposure: Exposure to high doses of radiation, particularly during childhood, can increase the risk.
10. Breast density: Women with dense breasts have a higher risk of developing breast cancer.
11. Menstrual history: Women who started menstruating early (before age 12) or went through menopause late (after age 55) have a slightly higher risk.
12. Breastfeeding: Women who have never breastfed have a slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer.
It is important to note that having one or more risk factors does not mean that a person will definitely develop breast cancer, and not having any risk factors does not guarantee that a person will not develop breast cancer.
However, understanding these risk factors can help individuals make informed decisions about their health and potentially reduce their risk.
Disclaimer: medical
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Disclaimer: copyright
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