Mũndũ eethĩwa na ũwau wa ngoo (myocardial infarction) ethĩawa na thĩna wa kũlika kwa nthakame nthĩnĩ wa mwĩĩ wake na ũu ũituma mwĩĩ ũeka kũthũkũma nesa.
Mavinda maingĩ ũu wĩthĩawa nũndũ wa nthakame kwingĩvĩĩa nthĩnĩ wa nthakame ĩla ĩkuĩte ngoo (coronary artery).
Kĩndũ kĩu kĩthĩawa na cholesterol, maguta, calcium, na fibrin.
Ĩla ĩvu yĩtembũka, no yĩtume nthakame yĩtumba na ũu ũituma nthakame ĩla yĩ na oksijeni mbingĩ yĩemwa nĩ kũlika nthĩnĩ wa ngoo.
Nũndũ wa ũu, ĩla mũndũ weethĩwa na thĩna wa kũlea kũveva, nĩw'o ũwau ũsu wĩthĩawa wĩ mũnene vyũ.
Mavinda amwe mũndũ nũtonya kwĩw'a ayĩw'a woo ngoonĩ, ayĩw'a ta ũkwĩw'a ngoo ĩte mbĩanĩe, ayĩw'a ta ũkwĩw'a ngoo ĩte mbĩanĩe, ayĩw'a ta wĩ na ũvyũvu ngoonĩ, ayĩw'a ta wĩ na mũtwe wĩ na kĩlonzo, na ayĩw'a woo mavonĩ, ngingo, maaũnĩ, kana kĩnyunyu.
Mavinda maingĩ ũiiti wa ũwau ũsu wĩthĩawa ũilyĩ ta kũtũngĩĩa nthakame ĩvĩtĩte ngoonĩ mĩtũkĩ ũndũ vatonyeka. Mũndũ no atũmĩe ndawa, angioplasty, kana ũiiti ũngĩ wa kũvĩndũa nzĩa ĩla nthakame ĩvĩtĩte ngoonĩ ĩtwawe ngoonĩ.
Nĩ ũndũ wa vata kũmanya kana ũwau wa ngoo wĩthĩawa wĩ kĩvathũkany'o na wa andũ ala angĩ na ũetawe nĩ maũndũ me kĩvathũkany'o.
Andũ amwe matonya kũkw'a nĩ ũwau wa ngoo nũndũ wa kwambatwa nĩ nthakame, kwambata kwa cholesterol, kũnyw'a sikala, ũwau wa sukalĩ, kũya mũno, kwĩthĩwa mate na vinya, kana kwĩthĩwa mũsyĩ ve mũndũ wawaĩte ũwau ũsu.
Kũsiĩĩa maũndũ asu no kũtume mũndũ ethĩwa na ũwau wa ngoo.
Scott J: Pathophysiology and biochemistry of cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2004, 14 (3): 271-9.
Liu Chung Ming C, Sesperez K, Ben-Sefer E, Arpon D, McGrath K, McClements L, Gentile C: Considerations to Model Heart Disease in Women with Preeclampsia and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells. 2021, 10 (4): .
Hansen J, Victor RG: Direct measurement of sympathetic activity: new insights into disordered blood pressure regulation in chronic renal failure. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1994, 3 (6): 636-43.
LaMacchia JC, Roth MB: Aquaporins-2 and -4 regulate glycogen metabolism and survival during hyposmotic-anoxic stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2015, 309 (2): C92-6.
Tham YK, Bernardo BC, Ooi JY, Weeks KL, McMullen JR: Pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure: signaling pathways and novel therapeutic targets. Arch Toxicol. 2015, 89 (9): 1401-38.
Lonn E: The clinical relevance of pharmacological blood pressure lowering mechanisms. Can J Cardiol. 2004, 20 Suppl B (): 83B-88B.
['Ũtao:']
["Kĩsese kĩĩ kĩseũvĩtw'e kwondũ wa kũmanyĩsya na kũtetheesya andũ, ĩndĩ ti kũnengane motao ma ũiiti kana ũtethyo ũngĩ."]
['Ũvoo ũla wĩ vo ndwaĩle kũtũmĩwa kũĩkĩĩthya kana mũndũ e na ũwau mũna, na ala mekwenda ũtao wa ũiiti maĩle kũneena na ndakĩtalĩ.']
["Kwa ngelekany'o, ĩla mũndũ wakũlya ĩkũlyo yĩ na namba, no amanye kana mũndũ ũsu e na ũwau mũna."]
['Kĩla ĩvinda neena na ndakĩtalĩ waku kana mũndũ ũngĩ ũsomeete maũndũ ma ũiiti. Ndũkaatate kũlea kana kũkua ĩvinda ũimũkũlya ũtao aĩ nũndũ wa maũndũ amwe wasoma Kĩsesenĩ kĩĩ. Ethĩwa wĩona ta wĩ na thĩna wa mĩtũkĩ, neena na namba ya 911 kana ũthi sivitalĩ ya mĩtũkĩ ĩla yĩ vakuvĩ.']
['Ũtao:']
['The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the DMCA) nĩyaĩtye kana ala me na ũthasyo wa kumĩthya syĩndũ ila syĩ Indanetinĩ nĩmaĩle kũtata ũndũ matonya nĩ kana maĩkĩĩthye kana syĩndũ ila mekumĩthya nĩsyavĩnga mĩao ya nthĩ ya Amelika.']
['Ethĩwa wĩ na mũĩkĩĩo kana ũvoo ũla wĩ kĩsesenĩ kitũ kana nthĩnĩ wa syĩndũ ila tumasya nũvĩtĩsye mĩao yaku, no ũtũtũmĩe valũa ũũtwĩĩte kana no ũtũsiĩĩe tũikamĩsome.']
["Mĩao ya DMCA yaĩtye kana no nginya ũvoo ũla ũũtũmĩa kũtũtavya kana ve kĩndũ kĩna kĩnavĩnga mĩao ya kumĩthya syĩndũ wĩthĩwe na ũvoo ũũ: (1) ũvoo ĩũlũ wa syĩndũ ila iwetetwe kana nĩsyo ivĩngĩĩsiwe nĩ mĩao ĩsu; (2) ũvoo ĩũlũ wa syĩndũ ila iwetetwe kana nĩsyo ivĩngĩĩsiwe nĩ mĩao ĩsu na ũvoo ũtonya kũtũtetheesya kũmanya vala syĩndũ isu syĩ; (3) ũndũ ũtonya kũtũtavya ũndũ ũtonya kũtũtavya ũndũ ũtonya kũũkũlya, ta vala wĩkalaa, namba yaku ya simũ, na valũa waku wa simũ; (4) ũĩkĩĩthyo ũkwonany'a kana wĩ na mũĩkĩĩo kana syĩndũ ila iwetetwe vau iyĩtĩkĩlĩtw'e nĩ ũla wĩ na ũthasyo wa kũseũvya syĩndũ, kana nĩ mũũngamĩi wasyo, kana nĩ mĩao ĩngĩ."]
["(5) ũĩkĩĩthyo kuma kwaku, ũla ũandĩkĩte ũikĩa ũkũsĩ ũte wa w'o, kana ũvoo ũla wĩ nthĩnĩ wa livoti nĩ wa w'o na kana wĩ na ũkũmũ wa kũũngamĩa maũndũ ala mawetwa nĩ ũla ũkũũmĩw'a;"]
['Na (6) saii ya mwene syĩndũ kana mũndũ ũla ũnengetwe ũkũmũ wa kwĩka maũndũ kwondũ wake.']
The pathophysiology of a heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, involves the disruption of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle, leading to the death of heart cells.
This typically occurs due to the obstruction of a coronary artery by a blood clot, which is often the result of atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries.
The plaque is made up of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin.
When a plaque ruptures, it can cause a blood clot to form, which can block the artery and prevent oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart muscle.
This lack of oxygen causes the heart muscle cells to die, leading to a heart attack.
The extent of the damage depends on the size of the area supplied by the blocked artery and the time between the attack and treatment.
Symptoms of a heart attack can include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, lightheadedness, and pain in the arms, neck, jaw, or back.
Treatment for a heart attack usually involves restoring blood flow to the heart muscle as quickly as possible, either through medication or procedures such as angioplasty and stenting or coronary artery bypass surgery.
It is important to note that the pathophysiology of a heart attack is complex and involves multiple factors, including genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors.
Risk factors for heart attack include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, lack of physical activity, and a family history of heart disease.
Managing these risk factors can help reduce the likelihood of experiencing a heart attack.
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