How is Colon cancer diagnosed?

['Welisi hɔɔlʋʋ kʋnɛ']

Ɛzɩma patɩlɩɣ ɛyʋ weyi ɛwɛnɩ calɩm taa kʋdɔŋ sɔsɔʋ yɔ?

Palakɩ kʋdɔmɩŋ ɛnɩ nɛ nʋmɔŋ ndɩ ndɩ.

1. Ɛyʋ tomnaɣ taa wɛtʋ: Ðɔkɔtɔ nɔɔyʋ cɔŋnɩ tomnaɣ yɔɔ wɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa ɛyʋ wɛɛ yɔ nɛ ɛna se ɛwɛnɩ kʋdɔŋ na.

2. Calɩm taa kpɛlɩkʋʋ: Calɩm taa kpɛlɩkʋʋ pɩzɩɣ pɩsɩnɩ-ŋ nɛ ŋna se kʋdɔŋ nakʋyʋ wɛɛ yaa kɩfɛyɩ.

3. Kɩcɔŋnɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyʋ nandʋ taa: Kɩcɔŋnɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyʋ nandʋ taa nɛ kɩna se calɩm wɛ pɩ-taa yaa pɩtɩkɛ mbʋ.

4. (a) Colonoscopie: Palakɩ-kʋ nɛ pɔʋ cikpeluu ŋgʋ kɩ-taa paɖʋʋ ñɩɣyʋʋ nakʋyʋ nɛ kɩ-taa nɛ ñɩɣyʋʋ kɩñɩlɩsʋʋ nakʋyʋ yɔ. (b) Palakɩ-kʋ nɛ paɖʋ ɖaŋ cikpeluu ŋgʋ kɩ-taa nɛ ñɩɣyʋʋ kɩñɩlɩsʋʋ nakʋyʋ yɔ.

Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ palakɩ mbʋ yɔ, ɖɔkɔtɔ pɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛkpaɣ tomnaɣ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɩ nɛ ɛmaɣzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛna se kʋdɔŋ nakʋyʋ fɛyɩ yaa we.

5. (a) Sigmoïdoscopie: Ɛzɩ pɔcɔŋʋʋ ɛyʋ lotu taa yɔ, mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ palakɩ sigmoïdoscopie se panaɣ ɛyʋ lotu hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa lɩm kpeŋ yɔ.

6. (a) Colonoscopie: C.T. (tomographie numérique) ŋgʋ palakɩna nɛ panaɣ ɛyʋ lotu taa hɔɔlɩŋ naadozo yɔ. (b) Nɛ ɛzɩma palakɩ-kʋ yɔ.

7. Calɩm mbʋ ɛyʋ lɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛcɔna yɔ: Palakɩ-pʋ se pana se calɩm nabʋyʋ fɛyɩ ɛ-taa yaa we, nɛ pɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩwɩlɩ se ɛwɛnɩ kʋdɔŋ nakʋyʋ.

8. (a) Bariyɔm tɛ kɔyɛ nɖɩ palabɩnɩ ñɩɣlɩm wondu yɔ: Palakɩ-ɖɩ nɛ ñɩɣlɩm wondu ndʋ tɩpɩzɩɣ tɩñɩlɩsɩɣ yɔ.

9. (a) Tɩŋ hatʋ: (b) Tɩŋ hatʋ kɛnɩ tomnaɣ hɔɔlʋʋ cikpeluu ŋgʋ palɩzɩɣ ɛyʋ lotu taa se pana se kʋdɔŋ nakʋyʋ wɛɛ yaa kɩfɛyɩ yɔ.

10. (a) Palakɩ-ɩ kɩlɛmɩŋ tɛ kɔyɛ: Papɩzɩɣ nɛ palabɩ-ɩ CT scan, MRI, nɛ pɔcɔnɩ ɛ-laŋɩyɛ taa se pana se kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ kɩtalɩ-ɩ yaa kɩtɩtalɩ-ɩ.

Kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ kɩpaɣlɩɣ lɛ, ɖɔkɔtɔ heyiɣ-ŋ kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ kɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa ŋwɛɛ yɔ.

Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩpaɣlɩɣ nɛ ɖɩtalɩ ɖenɖe yɔ, ɖɩ-ɖaɣlɩkɩŋ nɛ ɛzɩma ɖɩcɔʋ nɛ ɖɩnaɣ se ɖɩtalɩ tomnaɣ hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ taa yɔ, pɩ-cɔlɔ wɛtʋ ndʋ tɩlɩnaa.

['Takayɩhatʋ ndʋ tɩtamsɩna \\ yɔ']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

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Shi J, Fei J, Yi Q, Shen L, Wan B, Chen Y, Chang Q: Treatment of colon cancer in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. BMC Cancer. 2018, 18 (1): 961.

Ren QG, Huang T, Yang SL, Hu JL: Colon cancer metastasis to the mandibular gingiva with partial occult squamous differentiation: A case report and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol. 2017, 6 (2): 189-192.

Feng HT, Zou S, Chen M, Xiong F, Lee MH, Fang L, Tang BZ: Tuning Push-Pull Electronic Effects of AIEgens to Boost the Theranostic Efficacy for Colon Cancer. J Am Chem Soc. 2020, 142 (26): 11442-11450.

Slattery ML, Kerber RA: The impact of family history of colon cancer on survival after diagnosis with colon cancer. Int J Epidemiol. 1995, 24 (5): 888-96.

Tada M: [Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer]. Rinsho Byori. 1990, 38 (4): 403-6.

['Tɔm ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ ɖitisiɣ yɔ: ɖɔkɔtɔ']

['Ye ŋwobi intɛrnɛɛtɩ lone ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ yɔ, ŋpɩzɩɣ nɛ ŋkpɛlɩkɩ tɔm sakɩyɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ.']

['Pɩtɩpɔzɩ se patɩŋnɩ tɔm ndʋ pama takayaɣ kanɛ ka-taa yɔ tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ pañɩnɩ kʋdɔŋ nakʋyʋ yaa pawaa-kʋ.']

['Tɩlɩ camɩyɛ se ordinatɛɛrɩ yɔɔ tɔm ndʋ pɔpɔzʋʋ yɔ, tɩ-yɔɔ cosuu wɛ kaɖɛ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa pɔpɔzʋʋ tɔm natʋyʋ nɛ tɩ-taa tɔm pee tɩɖɔɔ yɔ.']

['Paa ɛzɩmtaa lɛ, pɔzɩ lɔŋ tasʋʋ fɛɖʋ weyi ɛsɩm ñɔ-yɔɔ tɔm sakɩyɛ yɔ nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ-ŋ kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ ŋwɛna yɔ kɩ-tɔm. Taayele nɛ lɔŋ tasʋʋ mbʋ fɛɖʋ ɛnʋ ɛha-ŋ yɔ, pɩɖɛɛ ñɔ-yɔɔ yaa ŋyele-pʋ ñɩnʋʋ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ ŋkalɩ tɔm natʋyʋ intɛrnɛɛtɩ lone ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ. Ye ŋmaɣzɩɣ se pɩwɩɣ-ŋ yɔ, yaa ɛyaa 911 yaa ŋwolo ɖɔkɔtɔ ŋgʋ kɩñɔtɩnɩ-ŋ yɔ kɩ-taa kpaagbaa.']

['Takayɩhatʋ ndʋ tɩtamsɩna \\ Paɣtʋ \\ yɔ']

['Digital Millennium Copyright Act 1998 ñɩŋgʋ, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) haɣ waɖɛ mba pɛwɛnɩ waɖɛ se pala tʋmɩyɛ intɛrnɛɛtɩ yɔɔ yɔ se pala mbʋ pɩkaɖɩɣnɩ waɖɛ nɖɩ pɛwɛna Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ.']

['Ye ŋmaɣzɩɣ se tɔm natʋyʋ yaa wonuu nakʋyʋ yɔɔ pama tɔm intɛrnɛɛtɩ lone ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ yaa intɛrnɛɛtɩ lone ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ nɛ pɩkaɖɩɣnɩ ña-paɣtʋ yɔ, ña-maɣmaɣ yaa weyi ɛsɩɣ-ŋ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ, ŋpɩzɩɣ nɛ ŋtiyini-ɖʋ takayaɣ nɛ ŋpɔzɩ se ɖɩlɩzɩ tɔm ndʋ yaa wonuu ŋgʋ yaa ɖitaayele nɛ nɔɔyʋ tɩlɩ-kʋ.']

['Pɩwɛɛ se pama takayaɣ nɛ petiyini ordinatɛɛrɩ yɔɔ.']

['DMCA paɣtʋ pɔzʋʋ se ye ŋnawa se nɔɔyʋ tɩma takayaɣ nakɛyɛ yɔ, ŋma tɔm tʋnɛ: (1) takayaɣ ŋga ŋnawa se nɔɔyʋ tɩma-kɛ yɔ kɔ-yɔɔ tɔm; (2) takayaɣ ŋga kɔ-yɔɔ pamawa se nɔɔyʋ tɩma takayaɣ nakɛyɛ yɔ kɔ-yɔɔ tɔm nɛ tɔm ndʋ tɩsɩɣnɩ-ɖʋ se ɖɩtɩlɩ ɖenɖe ŋnaɣ takayaɣ ŋga yɔ; (3) ña-hɩɖɛ, kaŋgalaafu mayaɣ nɛ intɛrnɛɛtɩ mayaɣ; (4) ŋyɔɔdɩ kpayɩ se ŋwɛnɩ tisuu se takayaɣ ŋga ŋnawa se nɔɔyʋ tɩma-kɛ yɔ, pɩtɩkɛ weyi ɛtɩnɩ takayaɣ ŋga yɔ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛlɩzɩnɩ-kɛ, yaa ɛ-tʋmlaɖʋ nɔɔyʋ lɩzɩnɩ-kɛ, yaa se paɣtʋ natʋyʋ ɛɛhaɣ nʋmɔʋ se palabɩnɩ-kɛ tʋmɩyɛ.']

['(5) Ye ŋlabɩ mbʋ yɔ, ŋpɩzɩɣ nɛ ŋcɛtɩnɩ ñɔ-tɔm yɔɔ nɛ ŋyɔɔdɩ se tɔm ndʋ pama takayaɣ ŋga ka-taa yɔ tɩkɛ toovenim nɛ ŋwɛnɩ waɖɛ se ŋlʋ nɛ ŋwa mba payʋsʋʋ se pɛwɛɛkɩ ña-takayaɣ yɔ.']

['Nɛ (6) ye nɔɔyʋ ɛtɩnɩ takayaɣ nakɛyɛ yɔɔ tɔm yɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛñɩɣ nesi takayaɣ ŋga kɔ-yɔɔ.']

['Ye patɩyɔɔdɩ tɔm ndʋ tɩ-tɩŋa yɔ, pɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩkɔnɩ tɔm hʋʋ kaɖɛ.']

['Ɛyʋ weyi ŋkatɩɣ yɔ']

['Ye ŋwɛnɩ tɔm natʋyʋ yaa ŋñɩnɩɣ se ŋtasɩ tɔm natʋyʋ yɔ, ɖitendi-ŋ ma-ɖʋ takayaɣ.']

How is colon cancer diagnosed?

Colon cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:

1. Physical examination: A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for any abnormalities or signs of illness.

2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine if there are any abnormalities in the blood that may indicate the presence of cancer.

3. Stool tests: A stool test can detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may be a sign of colon cancer.

4. Colonoscopy: This is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon.

During a colonoscopy, the doctor can also take tissue samples (biopsies) to be examined for cancer cells.

5. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines the lower part of the colon.

6. Virtual colonoscopy: This is a CT scan of the colon that creates a 3D image of the colon and rectum.

7. Fecal occult blood test: This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer.

8. Double-contrast barium enema: This is an x-ray examination of the colon and rectum, in which a contrast material is used to highlight any abnormalities.

9. Biopsy: A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue from the colon for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.

10. Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI scans, and chest x-rays may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Once a diagnosis of colon cancer is made, the doctor will determine the stage of the cancer, which helps determine the best course of treatment.

Staging is based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as whether it has spread to other parts of the body.

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