What are the risk factors for Prostate cancer?

['Welisi hɔɔlʋʋ kʋnɛ']

Ɛbɛ pɩzɩɣ piyele nɛ ɛyʋ wɛɛnɩ tɔnʋʋ taa alaafɩya kʋdɔŋ?

1. Akpadɩyɩtʋ: Akpadɩyaa kɩlɩɣ tɔlʋʋ kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa, nɛ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ lɛ, mba palabɩ pɩnzɩ 65 yɔ, mba kɩlɩɣ kpaʋ.

Kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ kɩkpaɣ halaa nɛ abalaa yɔ: Ɛyaa mba pɛkɛ Afrika mba nɛ Amerika mba yɔ, kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ kɩkpaɣ-wɛ ɖoŋ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ mba pɛtɛkɛ Afrika mba yɔ.

3. Mba peleɖi kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa yɔ: Ye abalʋ nɔɔyʋ ɛ-caa yaa e-neu nɔɔyʋ ɛwɛnɩ kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ yɔ, pɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩkɔnɩ-ɩ kaɖɛ.

4. Ñʋʋ taa alaafɩya: Ñʋʋ taa alaafɩya hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɩ wɛɛ nɛ ɩpɩzɩɣ ɩkɔnɩ ɛyʋ kʋdɔŋ.

5. Tɔɔnaɣ ŋga ɛyʋ tɔkɩ yɔ: Ye ɛyʋ ɛtɔkɩ nandʋ sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛɛtɔkɩ tɩŋ pee nɛ hatʋ sakɩyɛ yɔ, pɩpɩzɩɣ piyele nɛ ɛɖɛɛnɩ ɛsɩndaa kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ.

6. Ñamtʋ: Ye ɛyʋ ɛkɩlɩɣ paɣlʋʋ yaa ɛkɩlɩɣ kpadɩyʋʋ yɔ, pɩpɩzɩɣ piyele nɛ ɛwɛɛnɩ tɔnʋʋ taa alaafɩya kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ payaɣ se cancer yɔ.

7. (a) Kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ payaɣ se cancer yɔ: Ye ŋñɔʋ sɩgaa yɔ, pɩpɩzɩɣ piyele nɛ ŋtɔlɩ kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ kɩkpa-ŋ ɖoŋ nɛ halɩ kɩkʋ-ŋ.

8. (a) Ɛzɩma ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛwɛɛnɩ tɔnʋʋ taa alaafɩya? (b) Ye ɛyʋ ɛñɔʋ tabakʋʋyaɣ yaa ɛñɔʋ tabakʋʋyaɣ ŋga ka-taa wɛ kʋdɔmɩŋ nɩɩyɩ yɔ, ɛzɩma pɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩkɔnɩ-ɩ kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ?

Kʋdɔmɩŋ weyi ɩɖɛɣnɩ kʋzʋʋ nʋmɔʋ taa yɔ: Abalʋ weyi ɛɖɛ kʋdɔŋ nakʋyʋ ɛzɩ kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ payaɣ se gonorrhée yaa chlamydia yɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛwɛɛnɩ kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ.

10. Kʋzʋʋ kɩdɛkɛdʋʋ wezuu caɣʋ: Ñɩnɩyaa nabɛyɛ yɔɔdaa se abalaa mba pasʋʋnɩ ɖama ɖoŋ ɖoŋ yɔ, ɖoŋ ɖoŋ lɛ, kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ kɩkpaɣ-wɛ.

11. (a) Nesi cɛbʋ: Abalʋ weyi palabɩ-ɩ mbʋ yɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛwɛɛnɩ tɔnʋʋ taa alaafɩya kʋdɔŋ.

12.Kʋdɔŋ kɩɖɛzʋʋ: Abalʋ weyi ɛwɛ kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa yɔ, ɖoŋ ɖoŋ lɛ, kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ kɩkpa-ɩ ɖoŋ.

Pɩcɛyaa se ɖɩtɩlɩ se ye kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩkpa abalʋ nɔɔyʋ yɔ, pɩtɩwɩlɩ se ɛkaɣ wɛnʋʋ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ.

Ɛlɛ ye abalaa ɩsɩm mbʋ pɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩkɔnɩ-wɛ kaɖɛ yɔ, pɩsɩɣnɩ-wɛ nɛ pakpaɣ lɩmaɣza kɩbana kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ kɩ-yɔɔ.

['Takayɩhatʋ ndʋ tɩtamsɩna \\ yɔ']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Hosseini M, SeyedAlinaghi S, Mahmoudi M, McFarland W: A case-control study of risk factors for prostate cancer in Iran. Acta Med Iran. , 48 (1): 61-6.

Oderda M, Mondino P, Zitella A, Gontero P, Tizzani A: [Update on epidemiology and risk factors of prostate cancer]. Urologia. , 75 (3): 143-8.

Mazdak H, Mazdak M, Jamali L, Keshteli AH: Determination of prostate cancer risk factors in Isfahan, Iran: a case-control study. Med Arh. 2012, 66 (1): 45-8.

Brasso K: [Prostate cancer--incidence and risk factors]. Ugeskr Laeger. 2007, 169 (20): 1883-6.

Patel AR, Klein EA: Risk factors for prostate cancer. Nat Clin Pract Urol. 2009, 6 (2): 87-95.

Sawada N: Risk and preventive factors for prostate cancer in Japan: The Japan Public Health Center-based prospective (JPHC) study. J Epidemiol. 2017, 27 (1): 2-7.

Mordukhovich I, Reiter PL, Backes DM, Family L, McCullough LE, O'Brien KM, Razzaghi H, Olshan AF: A review of African American-white differences in risk factors for cancer: prostate cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 2011, 22 (3): 341-57.

['Tɔm ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ ɖitisiɣ yɔ: ɖɔkɔtɔ']

['Ye ŋwobi intɛrnɛɛtɩ lone ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ yɔ, ŋpɩzɩɣ nɛ ŋkpɛlɩkɩ tɔm sakɩyɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ.']

['Pɩtɩpɔzɩ se patɩŋnɩ tɔm ndʋ pama takayaɣ kanɛ ka-taa yɔ tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ pañɩnɩ kʋdɔŋ nakʋyʋ yaa pawaa-kʋ.']

['Tɩlɩ camɩyɛ se ordinatɛɛrɩ yɔɔ tɔm ndʋ pɔpɔzʋʋ yɔ, tɩ-yɔɔ cosuu wɛ kaɖɛ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa pɔpɔzʋʋ tɔm natʋyʋ nɛ tɩ-taa tɔm pee tɩɖɔɔ yɔ.']

['Paa ɛzɩmtaa lɛ, pɔzɩ lɔŋ tasʋʋ fɛɖʋ weyi ɛsɩm ñɔ-yɔɔ tɔm sakɩyɛ yɔ nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ-ŋ kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ ŋwɛna yɔ kɩ-tɔm. Taayele nɛ lɔŋ tasʋʋ mbʋ fɛɖʋ ɛnʋ ɛha-ŋ yɔ, pɩɖɛɛ ñɔ-yɔɔ yaa ŋyele-pʋ ñɩnʋʋ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ ŋkalɩ tɔm natʋyʋ intɛrnɛɛtɩ lone ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ. Ye ŋmaɣzɩɣ se pɩwɩɣ-ŋ yɔ, yaa ɛyaa 911 yaa ŋwolo ɖɔkɔtɔ ŋgʋ kɩñɔtɩnɩ-ŋ yɔ kɩ-taa kpaagbaa.']

['Takayɩhatʋ ndʋ tɩtamsɩna \\ Paɣtʋ \\ yɔ']

['Digital Millennium Copyright Act 1998 ñɩŋgʋ, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) haɣ waɖɛ mba pɛwɛnɩ waɖɛ se pala tʋmɩyɛ intɛrnɛɛtɩ yɔɔ yɔ se pala mbʋ pɩkaɖɩɣnɩ waɖɛ nɖɩ pɛwɛna Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ.']

['Ye ŋmaɣzɩɣ se tɔm natʋyʋ yaa wonuu nakʋyʋ yɔɔ pama tɔm intɛrnɛɛtɩ lone ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ yaa intɛrnɛɛtɩ lone ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ nɛ pɩkaɖɩɣnɩ ña-paɣtʋ yɔ, ña-maɣmaɣ yaa weyi ɛsɩɣ-ŋ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ, ŋpɩzɩɣ nɛ ŋtiyini-ɖʋ takayaɣ nɛ ŋpɔzɩ se ɖɩlɩzɩ tɔm ndʋ yaa wonuu ŋgʋ yaa ɖitaayele nɛ nɔɔyʋ tɩlɩ-kʋ.']

['Pɩwɛɛ se pama takayaɣ nɛ petiyini ordinatɛɛrɩ yɔɔ.']

['DMCA paɣtʋ pɔzʋʋ se ye ŋnawa se nɔɔyʋ tɩma takayaɣ nakɛyɛ yɔ, ŋma tɔm tʋnɛ: (1) takayaɣ ŋga ŋnawa se nɔɔyʋ tɩma-kɛ yɔ kɔ-yɔɔ tɔm; (2) takayaɣ ŋga kɔ-yɔɔ pamawa se nɔɔyʋ tɩma takayaɣ nakɛyɛ yɔ kɔ-yɔɔ tɔm nɛ tɔm ndʋ tɩsɩɣnɩ-ɖʋ se ɖɩtɩlɩ ɖenɖe ŋnaɣ takayaɣ ŋga yɔ; (3) ña-hɩɖɛ, kaŋgalaafu mayaɣ nɛ intɛrnɛɛtɩ mayaɣ; (4) ŋyɔɔdɩ kpayɩ se ŋwɛnɩ tisuu se takayaɣ ŋga ŋnawa se nɔɔyʋ tɩma-kɛ yɔ, pɩtɩkɛ weyi ɛtɩnɩ takayaɣ ŋga yɔ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛlɩzɩnɩ-kɛ, yaa ɛ-tʋmlaɖʋ nɔɔyʋ lɩzɩnɩ-kɛ, yaa se paɣtʋ natʋyʋ ɛɛhaɣ nʋmɔʋ se palabɩnɩ-kɛ tʋmɩyɛ.']

['(5) Ye ŋlabɩ mbʋ yɔ, ŋpɩzɩɣ nɛ ŋcɛtɩnɩ ñɔ-tɔm yɔɔ nɛ ŋyɔɔdɩ se tɔm ndʋ pama takayaɣ ŋga ka-taa yɔ tɩkɛ toovenim nɛ ŋwɛnɩ waɖɛ se ŋlʋ nɛ ŋwa mba payʋsʋʋ se pɛwɛɛkɩ ña-takayaɣ yɔ.']

['Nɛ (6) ye nɔɔyʋ ɛtɩnɩ takayaɣ nakɛyɛ yɔɔ tɔm yɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛñɩɣ nesi takayaɣ ŋga kɔ-yɔɔ.']

['Ye patɩyɔɔdɩ tɔm ndʋ tɩ-tɩŋa yɔ, pɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩkɔnɩ tɔm hʋʋ kaɖɛ.']

['Ɛyʋ weyi ŋkatɩɣ yɔ']

['Ye ŋwɛnɩ tɔm natʋyʋ yaa ŋñɩnɩɣ se ŋtasɩ tɔm natʋyʋ yɔ, ɖitendi-ŋ ma-ɖʋ takayaɣ.']

What are the risk factors for prostate cancer?

1. Age: The risk of prostate cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in men over the age of 65.

2. Race/Ethnicity: African American men have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer than men of other races.

3. Family History: Men with a family history of prostate cancer, particularly a father or brother with the disease, have a higher risk.

4. Genetics: Certain inherited genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, may increase the risk of prostate cancer.

5. Diet: A diet high in red meat and low in fruits and vegetables may increase the risk of prostate cancer.

6. Obesity: Being overweight or obese may increase the risk of prostate cancer, particularly aggressive forms of the disease.

7. Smoking: Smoking may increase the risk of prostate cancer, particularly advanced or fatal forms of the disease.

8. Chemical Exposure: Exposure to certain chemicals, such as pesticides and herbicides, may increase the risk of prostate cancer.

9. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Men with a history of sexually transmitted infections, such as gonorrhea or chlamydia, may have an increased risk of prostate cancer.

10. Sexual Activity: Some studies suggest that men who have a higher number of sexual partners or engage in frequent sexual activity may have a slightly increased risk of prostate cancer.

11. Vasectomy: Men who have had a vasectomy may have a slightly increased risk of prostate cancer.

12. Diabetes: Men with diabetes may have a higher risk of prostate cancer, particularly aggressive forms of the disease.

It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not necessarily mean that a man will develop prostate cancer, and many men with prostate cancer have no known risk factors.

However, being aware of these risk factors can help men make informed decisions about screening and prevention.

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