Kiebhi kia tena kuijiia se o muthu uala ni uhaxi iú?
O uhaxi iú ua kikonha, a uixana ué urticaria, u bhangesa o muthu ku kala ni kikonha.
O uhaxi iú u tena ku kala ni milongo iavulu.
Phala kuijiia se uala ni uhaxi iú, ku bhinga kuijiia o musoso ua dotolo, ku mu tala kiambote, ni ku mu bhanga polova.
1. O uhaxi uê: O dotolo ua-nda kuibhula se uene mu kata kiá, ni kuila se ua kexile ni uhaxi ua bhonzo ku u saka.
Ene a-nda kuibhula ué se ua mateka kiá ku divua kia iibha, thembu kuxi ua mateka o ku divua kiki, ni ihi i tena ku ku bhangesa ku divua kiki.
2. Ku mu tala kiambote: O dotolo ua-nda tonginina kiambote o kikonda, se uala ni fidila ku mukutu, ua-nda mona se iofele mba ia dikota.
Ene a tena ué ku mona se o haxi ua kate, mba ua tekuka.
3. Ku mu tala ku jidotolo: Saí ithangana o dotolo u tena ku bhinga ku mu tala ku manhinga phala kuijiia se muéne uala ni uhaxi mba kana.
O ji dotolo a tena ku bhanga ué polova ia manhinga a xitu, phala kuijiia se o muthu uala ni uhaxi uahi.
4. Ku mu tala se uala ni uhaxi ua bhonzo ku u saka: Se o dotolo u banza kuila o haxi ua mu kata, muéne u tena ku mu tumikisa ku dotolo u saka o uhaxi ua bhonzo ku u saka.
O ji dotolo a tena ku bhanga polova mu ku sota ima ia iibha ku mukutu ua muthu, mba ku sota ima ia iibha ku manhinga.
5. O uhaxi ua mukuá: O dotolo u tena ku mona se o uhaxi uala ni ima ia mukuá, kála uhaxi ua kikonda, mba uhaxi ua mukuá, phala kuijiia se o uhaxi iú ua kidi muene mba kana.
6. O ji polova ji londekesa kuila o uhaxi iú ua kidi: Se o uhaxi iú u moneka mukonda dia ku tema mba ku tema, o dotolo u tena ku bhanga polova phala kuijiia se o uhaxi iú ua kidi muene mba kana.
Phala ku bhanga kiki, o muthu ua tokala ku kuata o uhaxi mu mukutu uê, phala ku mona se ua-nda disanza.
7. O ji polova ji londekesa kuila o mukutu uetu uene mu bhanga o ima ia iibha: Se o uhaxi iú ki u xikina milongo, o dotolo u tena ku tu tangela phala ku tala se o mukutu uetu uene mu bhanga ima ia iibha.
8. Ku bhanga jipolova: Saí ithangana o ji dotolo a bhinga ku bhanga ji polova kála, o raio X, phala kuijiia se o uhaxi iú ua mu dibandekesa.
Mu kifika, o ji dotolo a tena kuijiia se o uhaxi ua izavu, ua bhonzo mba kana.
O kuijiia se mukonda diahi o muthu uala ni uhaxi iú, kiene ki bhangesa ku mu saka.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
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['(5) O kijimbuete kiê, ni kijimbuete kia ku tangela kuila o milongi iala mu kijimbuete kiki ia kidi, ni kuila eie uala ni kutena kua ku langa o ima ia ku tokala;']
['O kijimbuete kiki, ki tena ku kala ni kidimbu kiê, mba kijimbuete kia muthu ua mu tumina o ku ki jikula.']
['Se ku soneka o ima ioso íii, o ku tokuesa o maka mê kua-nda laleka.']
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How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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