Kansere ya bapumo ke monanaka na nsadisa ya ba ekzame mpi bisalu mingi, mu mbandu:
1. Mambu ya metala maladi na nge mpi ekzame ya nitu: Munganga tayula nge bangyufula na yina metala bidimbu ya nge kemona, kana nge kenwaka makaya, mpi kana dibuta na nge kevandaka ti kansere ya bapumo.
Bo tatadila mpi nitu na nge sambu na kuzaba kana kele ti bidimbu ya maladi yina.
2. Ba ekzame ya bo kesalaka na nsadisa ya ba-image: Bo kesadilaka mingi ba-x-ray ya ntulu mpi tomographie par ordinateur (CT) sambu na kubaka bifwanisu ya bapumo mpi ya bima yina kele na lweka na yo.
Bansosa yai lenda sadisa na kuzaba mambu ya mbi, mu mbandu tumore to bimpusu yina lenda monisa nde muntu kele ti kansere ya bapumo.
3. Kulonguka ya kisakasaka: Bo ketalaka kisakasaka ya nge metula na ntu na mikroskope sambu na kusosa baselile ya kansere.
4. Bo kesalaka ekzame ya nitu ya bapumo: Bo kebakaka kitini mosi ya bapumo mpi bo ketalaka yo na mikroskope sambu na kuzaba kana yo kele ti baselile ya kansere.
Bo lenda sala yo na nsadisa ya bronchoscopie, biopsie ya nti, to biopsie ya bo kesalaka na kinganga.
5. Bronchoscopie: Bo ketulaka na munoko to na mbombo na munoko na nge kamwa-tube mosi ya fyoti ya kele ti kamera sambu na kutala bapumo ti nzila ya kupema.
Bo lenda sadila mpi metode yai sambu na kubaka bitini ya nitu sambu na kusala biopsie.
6. Aspiration à l'aiguille fine (FNA): Bo ketulaka nti mosi ya fyoti na kati ya nodule to ya kima mosi ya kele na kati ya mputulu sambu na kubaka baselile ya bo tasadila na ekzame.
7. Bo kesalaka ekzame mosi ya bo kebingaka thoracentèse: Bo kesadilaka ntunga sambu na kukatula masa na kati ya bapumo ti na divumu, mpi bo kesosaka kuzaba kana yo kele ti baselile ya kansere.
8. Kusosa menga: Ata ekzame ya menga yo mosi lenda sadisa ve na kuzaba kana muntu kele ti kansere ya bapumo, yo lenda sadisa na kuzaba mavimpi ya muntu mpi kuzaba mambu yina lenda monisa nde yandi kele ti kansere.
9. Ba ekzame ya mutindu yai: ekzame ya mikwa, ekzame ya MRI, ekzame ya PET, mpi ekzame yankaka: Bo lenda sadila ekzame yai sambu na kuzaba kana kansere mepanzana na bitini yankaka ya nitu.
Kana bo me zaba nde nge kele ti kansere ya bapumo, bo lenda sala nge ekzame ya nkaka sambu na kuzaba nki stade yo me kuma.
Na kati ya ekzame yango, beto lenda tanga ekzame ya nkaka ya bo kesalaka sambu na kuzaba mutindu nitu kele, mu mbandu ekzame ya CT ya butomfu, ekzame ya mikwa, to ekzame ya tomographie par émission de positons (TEP).
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Ni J, Guo Z, Zhang L: [The diagnostic significance of single or combination lung cancer-related serum biomarkers in high risk lung cancer patients]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2016, 55 (1): 25-30.
Nishiyama N, Nakatani S, Iwasa R, Taguchi S, Inoue K, Kinoshita H: [Differential diagnosis between peripheral lung cancer invading the chest wall and chest-wall tumors]. Kyobu Geka. 1997, 50 (10): 893-7.
Kang C, Wang D, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang F, Chen J: Construction and Validation of a Lung Cancer Diagnostic Model Based on 6-Gene Methylation Frequency in Blood, Clinical Features, and Serum Tumor Markers. Comput Math Methods Med. 2021, 2021 (): 9987067.
Heydari F, Rafsanjani MK: A Review on Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Data Mining Algorithms. Curr Med Imaging. 2021, 17 (1): 16-26.
Li L, Feng T, Zhang W, Gao S, Wang R, Lv W, Zhu T, Yu H, Qian B: MicroRNA Biomarker hsa-miR-195-5p for Detecting the Risk of Lung Cancer. Int J Genomics. 2020, 2020 (): 7415909.
Li B, Yuan Q, Zou YT, Su T, Lin Q, Zhang YQ, Shi WQ, Liang RB, Ge QM, Li QY, Shao Y: CA-125, CA-153, and CYFRA21-1 as clinical indicators in male lung cancer with ocular metastasis. J Cancer. 2020, 11 (10): 2730-2736.
Magee ND, Villaumie JS, Marple ET, Ennis M, Elborn JS, McGarvey JJ: Ex vivo diagnosis of lung cancer using a Raman miniprobe. J Phys Chem B. 2009, 113 (23): 8137-41.
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How is lung cancer diagnosed?
Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.
They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.
2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.
These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.
3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.
This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.
7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.
8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.
9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
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