Prostaatkanker weurt gediagnosticeerd door 'n combinatie vaan tests en procedures, die kinne oonder mie:
1. Digitaal rectaal oonderzeuk (DRE): 'ne Dokter steit 'ne gegluusde, gesmeerde vinger in 't rectum um de prostaat te voele op abnormaliteite.
2. Prostaat-specifiek antigeen (PSA) test: Dit is 'n bloodtest die 't niveau vaan PSA meet, 'n proteïne wat door de prostaat weurt geproduceerd.
Verheve PSA-niveaus kinne de aonwezigheid vaan prostaatkanker aanduide.
3. Transrectaal Ultrasound (TRUS): 'n Klein sonde weurt in 't rectum gezat um 'n beeld vaan de prostaat te make mèt geluidsgolve.
Dit kin helpe bij 't identificere vaan abnormaliteite in de prostaatklier.
4. Biopsie: 'n klein veurbeeld vaan prostaatweefsel weurt oetgenómme en oonder 'n microscoop oonderzeuk nao de aonwezigheid vaan kankercelle.
Dit is de einege definitieve meneer um prostaatkanker te diagnosticere.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): 'n MRI-scan vaan de prostaat kin helpe bij 't identificere vaan abnormaliteite en de biopsieprocedure begeleie.
6. Genetische teste: Sommege dokters kinne genetische teste gebruke um te bepaole wie agressief de kanker is en behandelbeslute te begeleide.
7. Bone Scan: 'n Bone scan kin weure oetgeveurd um te controlere of de kanker zich heet verspreid nao de beine.
8. Computertomografie (CT) scan: 'n CT-scan kin weure gebruuk um te controlere of de kanker zich heet verspreid nao aander organe of weefsele.
't Is belangriek te merke dat neet alle manslui mèt verhoogde PSA-niveaus of abnormale DRE-resultate prostaatkanker höbbe en neet alle prostaatkanker verhoogde PSA-niveaus zal veroorzake.
Daorum is 'n biopsie nudeg um de diagnose te bevestige.
Daoneve weurt de beslissing um 'n biopsie te oondergaan gemaak nao 't euverweeg vaan de rizzeltaote vaan dees tests en de risicofactoren en veurkeure vaan de individu.
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Marenco J, Kasivisvanathan V, Emberton M: New standards in prostate biopsy. Arch Esp Urol. 2019, 72 (2): 142-149.
Moradi M, Mousavi P, Abolmaesumi P: Computer-aided diagnosis of prostate cancer with emphasis on ultrasound-based approaches: a review. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007, 33 (7): 1010-28.
Cuperlovic-Culf M, Belacel N, Davey M, Ouellette RJ: Multi-gene biomarker panel for reference free prostate cancer diagnosis: determination and independent validation. Biomarkers. 2010, 15 (8): 693-706.
McGrath SE, Michael A, Morgan R, Pandha H: EN2: a novel prostate cancer biomarker. Biomark Med. 2013, 7 (6): 893-901.
An Y, Chang W, Wang W, Wu H, Pu K, Wu A, Qin Z, Tao Y, Yue Z, Wang P, Wang Z: A novel tetrapeptide fluorescence sensor for early diagnosis of prostate cancer based on imaging Zn2+ in healthy versus cancerous cells. J Adv Res. 2020, 24 (): 363-370.
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How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
Prostate cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any abnormalities.
2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland.
Elevated PSA levels may indicate the presence of prostate cancer.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): A small probe is inserted into the rectum to create an image of the prostate using sound waves.
This can help identify any abnormalities in the prostate gland.
4. Biopsy: A small sample of prostate tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells.
This is the only definitive way to diagnose prostate cancer.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI scan of the prostate can help identify any abnormalities and guide the biopsy procedure.
6. Genomic Testing: Some doctors may use genomic tests to help determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and guide treatment decisions.
7. Bone Scan: A bone scan may be performed to check if the cancer has spread to the bones.
8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan may be used to check if the cancer has spread to other organs or tissues.
It is important to note that not all men with elevated PSA levels or abnormal DRE results will have prostate cancer, and not all prostate cancers will cause elevated PSA levels.
Therefore, a biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Additionally, the decision to undergo a biopsy is made after considering the results of these tests and the individual's risk factors and preferences.
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