5. Mposo to ekólo: Bato ya bikólo mosusu, na ndakisa bato ya Afrika, ya Amerika, ya Amerika ya sudi, ya Amerika ya nɔrdi, mpe ya Amerika ya Azia, bazalaka na likama mingi ya kozwa diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
6. Diabɛti ya basi oyo bazali na zemi: Basi oyo bazalaki na maladi ya diabɛti ntango bazali na zemi, bakoki kokóma na maladi ya diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
7. Maladi ya likei: Basi oyo bazali na maladi yango bazali na likama mingi ya kozwa diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
8. Maladi ya métabolisme: Maladi yango, oyo ezali na motángo ya makila mingi, mpe ya cholestérol mingi, mpe monene ya loketo, ebakisaka likama ya kozwa diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
9. Komɛla likaya: Komɛla likaya ekoki kosala ete moto akóma koboya kosalela insulin, mpe yango ekoki komema ye na diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
10. Maladi ya diabɛti: Soki moto azali na maladi ya diabɛti to soki sukali na makila na ye eleki mwa moke na ndenge esengeli, yango ekoki kosala ete azwa maladi ya diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
11. Kozala na kilo mingi te ntango mwana abotami: Soki mwana abotami na kilo mingi te, akozala na likama ya kozwa maladi ya diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
12. Tensio ya makila: Soki ozali na tansio ya makila mingi, okoki kozwa maladi ya diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
13. Kolesterol mpe triglycérides oyo ezali na nzoto na yo ezali mingi te: Soki nzoto na yo ezali na triglycérides mingi mpe ezali na HDL (cholesterol ya malamu) mingi te, ekoki kosala ete obɛla diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
14. Kopema mpema te ntango moto alali: Bato oyo bazali na maladi ya kopema mpema te ntango balali, bakoki kozwa diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
15. Mitungisi: Mitungisi oyo esilaka te ekoki kobakisa likama ya kozwa diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
16. Bankisi mosusu: Bankisi mosusu, lokola oyo babengi stéroïdes mpe antipsychotiques, ekoki kobakisa likama ya kozwa diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
17. Kobimisa mɔtɔ: Soki moto azali ntango nyonso kobimisa mɔtɔ, yango ekoki kosala ete akóma na maladi ya diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
18. Kofanda kaka esika moko: Kofanda kaka esika moko ekoki kobakisa likama ya kozwa diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
19. Bilei oyo ezali na mafuta mingi mpe na calories mingi: Soki ozali kolya bilei oyo ezali na mafuta mingi mpe na calories mingi, yango ekoki kobakisela yo maladi ya diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
20. Komɛla masanga mingi: Komɛla masanga mingi ekoki kobakisa likama ya kozwa diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
21. Kozanga kolala malamu: Kozanga kolala malamu ekoki kobakisa likama ya kozwa diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
22. Kobebisama ya mopɛpɛ: Kozala na mopɛpɛ ya mbindo ekoki kobakisa likama ya kozwa diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
23. Mikrobe mosusu: Mikrobe mosusu, lokola hépatite C, ekoki kobakisa likama ya kozwa diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
24. Homocystéine mingi: Soki homocystéine, oyo ezali acide aminé, ezali mingi, ekoki kobakisa likama ya kozwa diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
25. Aside urique mingi: Aside urique mingi, oyo ezalaka na nzoto, ekoki kobakisa likama ya kozwa diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
26. Protéine C-réactive oyo ezalaka mingi: Protéine C-réactive oyo ezalaka mingi, oyo emonisaka ete nzoto ezali kozika, ekoki kobakisa likama ya kozwa diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
27. Fibrinogène mingi: Fibrinogène mingi, proteini oyo esalaka ete makila ekangama, ekoki kobakisa likama ya kozwa diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
28. Proteini PAI-1 mingi: Proteini PAI-1 mingi, oyo esalaka ete makila ekangama, ekoki kobakisa likama ya kozwa diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
29. Leptine mingi: Leptine mingi, hormone oyo esalaka ete moto alya malamu, ekoki kobakisela moto maladi ya diabɛti ya lolenge ya mibale.
30. Motángo monene ya résistine: Motángo monene ya résistine, hormone oyo esalaka ete moto akóma koboya kosalela insulin, ekoki kobakisa likama ya kozwa maladi ya kanser
King WM, Saseen JJ, Anderson SL: Characterization of diabetes risk factors in patients prescribed chronic statin therapy. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2014, 5 (5): 206-11.
Bielinski SJ, Pankow JS, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Bailey K, Li M, Selvin E, Couper D, Vazquez G, Brancati F: Strength of association for incident diabetes risk factors according to diabetes case definitions: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2012, 175 (5): 466-72.
Gangwisch JE, Gross R, Malaspina D: Differential Associations Between Depression, Risk Factors for Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Incidence in a Large U.S. Sample. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2015, 52 (2): 85-90.
Leiva AM, Martínez MA, Petermann F, Garrido-Méndez A, Poblete-Valderrama F, Díaz-Martínez X, Celis-Morales C: [Risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes in Chile]. Nutr Hosp. 2018, 35 (2): 400-407.
Chatterjee R, Maruthur NM, Edelman D: Novel Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes in African-Americans. Curr Diab Rep. 2015, 15 (12): 103.
Higa S, Maesato A, Ishigaki S, Suenari K, Chen YJ, Chen SA: Diabetes and Endocrine Disorders (Hyperthyroidism/Hypothyroidism) as Risk Factors for Atrial Fibrillation. Card Electrophysiol Clin. 2021, 13 (1): 63-75.
Brodalko B: [Diabetes risk factors in the Regional Railway Hospital in Lublin, described on the basis of medical documentation]. Wiad Lek. 2000, 53 (5-6): 255-61.
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What are the risk factors for diabetes?
There are several risk factors for diabetes, including:
1. Family history: Having a parent or sibling with diabetes increases your risk.
2. Age: The risk of type 2 diabetes increases as you get older, especially after age 45.
3. Weight: Being overweight or obese increases your risk.
4. Physical inactivity: Lack of exercise can increase your risk.
5. Race or ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups, such as African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans, have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
6. Gestational diabetes: Women who have had gestational diabetes during pregnancy are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
7. Polycystic ovary syndrome: Women with this condition have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
8. Metabolic syndrome: This cluster of conditions, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and large waist circumference, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.
9. Smoking: Smoking can increase insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes.
10. Prediabetes: Having prediabetes, or higher than normal blood sugar levels, increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
11. Low birth weight: Babies with low birth weight have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
12. High blood pressure: Having high blood pressure increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
13. Abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels: High levels of triglycerides and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.
14. Sleep apnea: People with sleep apnea have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
15. Stress: Chronic stress can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
16. Certain medications: Some medications, such as steroids and antipsychotics, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
17. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
18. Sedentary lifestyle: A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
19. High-fat, high-calorie diet: Consuming a diet high in unhealthy fats and calories can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
20. Alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
21. Sleep deprivation: Inadequate sleep can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
22. Air pollution: Exposure to air pollution can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
23. Certain infections: Certain infections, such as hepatitis C, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
24. High levels of homocysteine: High levels of homocysteine, an amino acid, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
25. High levels of uric acid: High levels of uric acid, a waste product, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
26. High levels of C-reactive protein: High levels of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
27. High levels of fibrinogen: High levels of fibrinogen, a protein involved in blood clotting, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
28. High levels of PAI-1: High levels of PAI-1, a protein involved in blood clotting, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
29. High levels of leptin: High levels of leptin, a hormone involved in appetite regulation, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
30. High levels of resistin: High levels of resistin, a hormone involved in insulin resistance, can increase the risk of developing
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