La malatia de Alzheimer l"è diagnosticada cont una combinazion de metod, qe i includen una valutazion medica completa, test cognitif e neuropsicologich, imaging del cervel e el process de eliminazion de olter possibel cause.
1. Esame medico: Un dutur el farà un esame fisico e el farà una storia medica detallada per esclud di alter possibil cause de perdita de memoria o de declin cognitif, cuma di prublema de tiroide, di carenza de vitamine o di tumur al cervel.
2. Test cognitif e neuropsicologich: Questi test valutan la memoria, el lenguagg, la soluziun di prublema e olter funziun cognitif per determinà l'estensiun del deteriorament cognitif e per diferenziar tra la perdita de memoria normal ligada a l'età e la demenza.
3. Imaging del cervel: Imaging de risonanza magnetica (MRI) o tomografia computada (CT) pœden jutar a identificà i cambiament strutural del cervel qe pœden indicar la malatia de Alzheimer.
I scans de tomografia a emission de positroni (PET) pœden vesser duperaa anca per misurar i livelli de certe proteine associade a la malatia de Alzheimer.
4. Esami del sangh: di ricerch recent hann dimustrad che certi esami del sangh pœden jutar a diagnosticar la malatia de Alzheimer misurand i livèll de proteine specifiche o biomarcadur associad a la malatia.
5. Proces de eliminaziun: Sicome g'è minga un test definitif per la malatia de Alzheimer, la diagnosi de spess la implica esclud di olter possibel cause di sintom compagn de la demenza.
L"è important de tegnì cont che una diagnosi definitiva de la malatia de Alzheimer la pœl vesser fada domà dopo la mort cont un esame del tesut del cervel.
Però, i metud de diagnostich atuai pœden fornir un alt livel de certezza per una diagnosi clinica menter la persona l"è ancamò viva.
La diagnosi precoce l"è impurtant per inizià el trattament e per pianificà el futur.
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Rubin R: New Test to Help Diagnose Alzheimer Disease. JAMA. 2022, 327 (23): 2281.
[Blood Based Biomarker for Optimization of Early and Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Dementia]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2022, 90 (7-08): 326-335.
Kapp MB: Physicians' legal duties regarding the use of genetic tests to predict and diagnose Alzheimer disease. J Leg Med. 2000, 21 (4): 445-75.
Britschgi M, Wyss-Coray T: Blood protein signature for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 2009, 66 (2): 161-5.
Volicer L, Berman SA, Cipolloni PB, Mandell A: Persistent vegetative state in Alzheimer disease. Does it exist? Arch Neurol. 1997, 54 (11): 1382-4.
Imabayashi E, Saitoh Y, Tsukamoto T, Sakata M, Takano H: Combination of Astrogliosis and Phosphorylated Tau for the Preclinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease Using 3-Dimensional Stereotactic Surface Projection Images With 18 F-THK5351. Clin Nucl Med. 2022, 47 (12): 1066-1068.
Martínez A, Lahiri DK, Giacobini E, Greig NH: Advances in Alzheimer therapy: understanding pharmacological approaches to the disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2009, 6 (2): 83-5.
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How is alzheimer diagnosed?
Alzheimer's disease is diagnosed through a combination of methods, including a thorough medical evaluation, cognitive and neuropsychological tests, brain imaging, and the process of elimination of other possible causes.
1. Medical evaluation: A doctor will perform a physical examination and take a detailed medical history to rule out other possible causes of memory loss or cognitive decline, such as thyroid problems, vitamin deficiencies, or brain tumors.
2. Cognitive and neuropsychological tests: These tests assess memory, language, problem-solving, and other cognitive functions to determine the extent of cognitive impairment and to differentiate between normal age-related memory loss and dementia.
3. Brain imaging: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans can help identify structural changes in the brain that may indicate Alzheimer's disease.
Positron emission tomography (PET) scans can also be used to measure the levels of certain proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease.
4. Blood tests: Recent research has shown that certain blood tests can help diagnose Alzheimer's disease by measuring the levels of specific proteins or biomarkers associated with the disease.
5. Process of elimination: Since there is no single definitive test for Alzheimer's disease, diagnosis often involves ruling out other possible causes of dementia-like symptoms.
It is important to note that a definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease can only be made after death through an examination of brain tissue.
However, current diagnostic methods can provide a high level of certainty for a clinical diagnosis while the person is still alive.
Early diagnosis is important for starting treatment and planning for the future.
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