La fisiopatologia de la malatia de Alzheimer (MA) l"è un process cumpless qe l"implica l'accumulazion de proteine anormali, l'infiammazion e la disfunzion neuronal.
I du carateristich principai de l'AD sun la presenza de placche beta-amiloide (Aβ) e grovigli neurofibrillari (NFT) in del cervel.
I plach beta-amiloide se forman quand i framm de la proteina precursora amiloide (APP) inn scis per i enzimi per formar i peptidi Aβ.
Chesti peptidi se aggregen e formen fibrille insolubil qe se accumulen fœra dei neuron, interrompen la comunicazion de cellula a cellula e condusen a la mort neuronal.
L'accumulament de placche Aβ l"è credud de vess vun di primm events in del desvilup de l'AD, e se cred de contribuir al process neurodegenerativ.
I grovigli neurofibrillari se forman quand la proteina tau la ven iperfosforilada e la forma filament anormai ind i neuron.
Chesti grovigli disturben el funzionament normal dei microtubuli, che sun essenzial per el trasport di nutrient e olter material denter del neurun.
I grov i pœl portar a la mort dei neuron infettads.
L'infiammaziun la g'ha anca un rœl ind la fisiopatologia de l'AD.
El sistema immunitari el risponde a l'accumulazion de placche Aβ e NFT liberand citochine pro-inflamatorie, qe pœden aggravar el danno ai neuron.
Inoltra, g'è di evidenz qe el stress ossidativ, la disfunzion mitocondriala e el metabolism del glucosio indebolì contribuissen a la fisiopatologia de l'AD.
Chesti fattur pœden portar a una disfunzion e a la mort neuronal, aggravand ulterament el process de la malatia.
In general, la fisiopatologia de l'AD l"è una interazion cumplessa de fattur multiples qe in fin dei conti i porta a la diminuzion progressiva de la funzion cognitiva e a la perdita de memoria qe caratterisa la malatia.
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What is pathophysiology of alzheimer?
The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex process that involves the accumulation of abnormal proteins, inflammation, and neuronal dysfunction.
The two main hallmarks of AD are the presence of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain.
Amyloid-beta plaques are formed when fragments of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) are cleaved by enzymes to form Aβ peptides.
These peptides aggregate and form insoluble fibrils that accumulate outside neurons, disrupting cell-to-cell communication and leading to neuronal death.
The accumulation of Aβ plaques is thought to be one of the earliest events in the development of AD, and it is believed to contribute to the neurodegenerative process.
Neurofibrillary tangles are formed when the protein tau becomes hyperphosphorylated and forms abnormal filaments inside neurons.
These tangles disrupt the normal functioning of the microtubules, which are essential for the transport of nutrients and other materials within the neuron.
The tangles eventually lead to the death of the affected neurons.
Inflammation also plays a role in the pathophysiology of AD.
The immune system responds to the accumulation of Aβ plaques and NFTs by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can exacerbate the damage to neurons.
Additionally, there is evidence that oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired glucose metabolism contribute to the pathophysiology of AD.
These factors can lead to neuronal dysfunction and death, further exacerbating the disease process.
Overall, the pathophysiology of AD is a complex interplay of multiple factors that ultimately lead to the progressive decline in cognitive function and memory loss that characterizes the disease.
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