El cancher de colon l"è diagnosticad travers una combinazion de test e procediment, qe pœden includer:
1. Esame fisico: Un dutur el farà un esame fisico per verificà se g'è di anormalità o segn de malatia.
2. Esami del sangh: I esami del sangh pœden jutar a determinar se g'è di anormalità ind el sangh qe pœden indicar la presenza de un cancher.
3. Esami de le feci: Un test de le feci pœl rilevà la presenza de sangh ind le feci, qe pœl vesser un segn de cancer de colon.
4. Colonoscopia: Questa l"è una procedura indova un tubo sottile e flessibil cun una lus e una telecamera a l"estremità l"è inserid ind el retto per esaminar el colon.
Durant una colonoscopia, el dutur el pœl anca ciapar di campiun de tessud (biopsia) per esaminar se g'è di cellule cancerose.
5. Sigmoidoscopia: Simil a una colonoscopia, una sigmoidoscopia la esamina la part inferior del colon.
6. Colonoscopia virtual: Questa l"è una tomografia computerizada del colon qe la crea una imagen 3D del colon e del retto.
7. Esame de la sang oculta in di feci: Chestu test el verifica la presenza de sangh in di feci, che pœden indicà la presenza de cancher.
8. El clister de bari a doppi contrasti: l"è un esàm a ragg x del colon e del retto, indovè che se dupera un material de contrast per evidenziar qualunque anormalità.
9. Biopsia: Una biopsia l"è la rimoziun de una picola quantità de tessud del colon per esaminàss sota un microscop per determinà se g'è cellule cancerose.
10. Esami de imaging: CT scan, MRI scan e radiografia del petto pœden vesser drovads per determinar se el cancher el s'è spantegad in olter part del corp.
Una volta che la diagnosi de cancher de colon l"è fada, el dutur determinarà la fase del cancher, che la giuta a determinà el miglior curs de tratament.
La stadiaziun la se basa sü la grandesa e la posiziun del tumur, inscí cuma se l"è spantegad in di olter part del corp.
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Shi J, Fei J, Yi Q, Shen L, Wan B, Chen Y, Chang Q: Treatment of colon cancer in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. BMC Cancer. 2018, 18 (1): 961.
Ren QG, Huang T, Yang SL, Hu JL: Colon cancer metastasis to the mandibular gingiva with partial occult squamous differentiation: A case report and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol. 2017, 6 (2): 189-192.
Feng HT, Zou S, Chen M, Xiong F, Lee MH, Fang L, Tang BZ: Tuning Push-Pull Electronic Effects of AIEgens to Boost the Theranostic Efficacy for Colon Cancer. J Am Chem Soc. 2020, 142 (26): 11442-11450.
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Tada M: [Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer]. Rinsho Byori. 1990, 38 (4): 403-6.
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How is colon cancer diagnosed?
Colon cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Physical examination: A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for any abnormalities or signs of illness.
2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine if there are any abnormalities in the blood that may indicate the presence of cancer.
3. Stool tests: A stool test can detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may be a sign of colon cancer.
4. Colonoscopy: This is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon.
During a colonoscopy, the doctor can also take tissue samples (biopsies) to be examined for cancer cells.
5. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines the lower part of the colon.
6. Virtual colonoscopy: This is a CT scan of the colon that creates a 3D image of the colon and rectum.
7. Fecal occult blood test: This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer.
8. Double-contrast barium enema: This is an x-ray examination of the colon and rectum, in which a contrast material is used to highlight any abnormalities.
9. Biopsy: A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue from the colon for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
10. Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI scans, and chest x-rays may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of colon cancer is made, the doctor will determine the stage of the cancer, which helps determine the best course of treatment.
Staging is based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as whether it has spread to other parts of the body.
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