Un atach cardiac l"è diagnosticad a travers una combinazion de la storia medica del pazient, l'esam fisic e i test diagnostich.
I test diagnostich plu comun duperaa per diagnosticar un atach cardiac includen:
1. L'elettrocardiogramma (ECG): chest test el misura l'attivitaa eletrica del coeur e 'l pò rilevà di anormalità che pœden indicà un attacch de coeur.
2. Esami del sangh: I esami del sangh pœden misurar i livèll de certi enzimi e proteine qe i vegnen liberads ind el flus sanguigno quand el muscol del coeur l"è danegad.
I test del sangh plu comun duperaa per diagnosticar un attach cardiach sun i test de la troponina e de la creatina chinasi (CK-MB).
3. Ecocardiogramma: Chesta proeuva la dupera i ond sonor per fà una imagen del coeur che la se mov, che la pò aiutà i dutur a valutà la funziun del coeur e a identificà i zone de danno.
4. Angiografia coronaria: Chesta proeuva la implica l'iniezion de un colorant ind i arterie coronarie e la fa di imagin a ragg X per identificà qual-sa-vœl blocch o restringiment de le arterie.
5. TC o RM cardiaca: Questi test de imaging pœden fornir imagin detajade del coeur e dei sò vas sanguigni, qe pœden jutar i medegh a identificà qual-sa-vœl danno o blocch.
6. Test de stress: Chestu test al implica esercitar sü un tapis o una bici stazionaria menter el cör l"è monitorad per vedè cuma al respond al stress.
Pœu aiutà a identificà qualunque anormalità ind la funziun del coeur.
7. Cateterismo cardiaco: qest test invasiv el implica l'inseriment de un cateter ind un vas sanguigno ind el brasc o la gamba e el lo guida al coeur.
Un colorant l"è poeu iniettad ind i arter coronar per identificà qual-sa-vœl blocch o restringiment.
Una cumbinaziun de qesti test, insema ai sintom e a la storia medica del pazient, pœden jutar i dutur a diagnosticar un atach cardiach e determinar el mior tratament.
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Atar D: [How to diagnose a heart attack in 2012?]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2012, 132 (3): 265-6.
Kriszbacher I, Bódis J, Boncz I, Koppan A, Koppan M: The time of sunrise and the number of hours with daylight may influence the diurnal rhythm of acute heart attack mortality. Int J Cardiol. 2010, 140 (1): 118-20.
New ultrafast MRI promises faster diagnosis of heart attack and stroke. J Cardiovasc Manag. , 10 (5): 17-9.
Duijts SFA, van der Beek AJ, Bleiker EMA, Smith L, Wardle J: Cancer and heart attack survivors' expectations of employment status: results from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. BMC Public Health. 2017, 17 (1): 640.
Kriszbacher I, Csoboth I, Boncz I, Bódis J: [The daily rhythm of heart attack morbidity and mortality may be influenced by the time of sunrise]. Orv Hetil. 2008, 149 (46): 2183-7.
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How is heart attack diagnosed?
A heart attack is diagnosed through a combination of the patient's medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.
The most common diagnostic tests used to diagnose a heart attack include:
1. Electrocardiogram (ECG): This test measures the electrical activity of the heart and can detect abnormalities that may indicate a heart attack.
2. Blood tests: Blood tests can measure the levels of certain enzymes and proteins that are released into the bloodstream when the heart muscle is damaged.
The most common blood tests used to diagnose a heart attack are troponin and creatine kinase (CK-MB) tests.
3. Echocardiogram: This test uses sound waves to create a moving image of the heart, which can help doctors assess the function of the heart and identify any areas of damage.
4. Coronary angiography: This test involves injecting a dye into the coronary arteries and taking X-ray images to identify any blockages or narrowing of the arteries.
5. Cardiac CT or MRI: These imaging tests can provide detailed images of the heart and its blood vessels, which can help doctors identify any damage or blockages.
6. Stress test: This test involves exercising on a treadmill or stationary bike while the heart is monitored to see how it responds to stress.
It can help identify any abnormalities in the heart's function.
7. Cardiac catheterization: This invasive test involves inserting a catheter into a blood vessel in the arm or leg and guiding it to the heart.
Dye is then injected into the coronary arteries to identify any blockages or narrowing.
A combination of these tests, along with the patient's symptoms and medical history, can help doctors diagnose a heart attack and determine the best course of treatment.
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