Gh'è divèrsi fattur de ris'c per l'attach cardiach, cumprènd:
1. Età: El ris'c de infarto aumenta cun l'età, suratüt dopu i 45 agn per i òmen e i 55 per i dònn.
2. Livel de colesterol alt: Livel alt de colesterol LDL (mal) e nivel bass de colesterol HDL (bon) pœden aumentà el ris'c de atach cardiach.
3. Pressión alta: La pressión alta minga controllada la pœl dannegger i arterie e aumentar el ris'c de infarto.
4. Diabete: I gent cun diabete g'han un ris'c püsee grand de infarto per via di dan che un zuccher in del sangh püsee alt el pœl causà ai vas sanguigni.
5. Esser sovrappeso o obesi: L'esageraziun de pes pœl aumentar el ris'c de infarto contribuind a olter fattur de ris'c come la pressión alta e el diabete.
6. No fà esercitazion: La mancanza de attivitaa fisica la pœl contribuir al svilup de la malatia cardiaca e aumentar el ris'c de attach cardiach.
7. Fumà: Fumà l"è un fattur de ris'c principal per l'infarto, perchè el danneggia i vas sanguigni e aumenta el ris'c de coagul de sangh.
8. Storia familiara: Una storia familiara de malattia del coeur la pœl aumentà el ris'c de attacch cardiach.
9. La fibrillazion atrial: Questa l"è un ritm cardiach irregolàr che 'l pœl aumentà el ris'c de infarto e ictus.
10. Attach cardiach o ictus precedent: I persun che hann avü un attach cardiach o ictus precedent g'han un ris'c püsee grand de avegh un alter.
11. Stress: El stress cronich 'l pœl contribuir al svilup de la malatia cardiaca e aumentar el ris'c de infarto.
12. I malatì autoimmün: I malatì cuma el lupus e l'artrite reumatoide pœden aumentà el ris'c de malatì cardìaghe ind i dònn.
13. Problemi de salute ligà a la gravidanza: I donn che sviluppen el diabete gestazional o l'ipertension durant la gravidanza g'han un ris'c püsee grand de sviluppar di malattie cardiache in di agn dopu.
14. Livel bas de estrogeni: I donn qe g'han pasà per la menopausa o qe g'han avud un'isterectomia g'han di nivel bas de estrogeni, qe pœden aumentar el ris'c de malattie cardiache en confront a i donn qe g'han minga.
L'è important notà che anca se un quai fattur de ris'c, cuma l'età e la storia familiara, pœden minga vesser cambiad, tanti olter pœden vesser gestid cont di cambiament del stil de vita e di intervent medich.
I control regolar, una dieta sana, esercitarse regolarment, smetter de fumà e gestir i condizion cronich come la pressiun alta e el diabete pœden jutar a ridur el ris'c de infarto.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais: a street-intercept survey method. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010, 16 (5): 492-8.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Zawiah M, Elnaem MH, Mohamed Ibrahim MI: Awareness of the Risk Factors for Heart Attack Among the General Public in Pahang, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020, 13 (): 3089-3102.
Fussman C, Rafferty AP, Reeves MJ, Zackery S, Lyon-Callo S, Anderson B: Racial disparities in knowledge of stroke and heart attack risk factors and warning signs among Michigan adults. Ethn Dis. 2009, 19 (2): 128-34.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Fata Nahas AR: Development of questionnaire on awareness and action towards symptoms and risk factors of heart attack and stroke among a Malaysian population. BMC Public Health. 2019, 19 (1): 1300.
Hwang SY, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Korean immigrants' knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors. J Immigr Minor Health. 2008, 10 (1): 67-72.
Fukuoka Y, Oh YJ: Perceived Heart Attack Likelihood in Adults with a High Diabetes Risk. Heart Lung. , 52 (): 42-47.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais. West J Nurs Res. 2009, 31 (8): 1088-9.
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What are the risk factors for heart attack?
There are several risk factors for heart attack, including:
1. Age: The risk of heart attack increases with age, especially after the age of 45 for men and 55 for women.
2. High cholesterol levels: High levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol can increase the risk of heart attack.
3. High blood pressure: Uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage the arteries and increase the risk of heart attack.
4. Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of heart attack due to the damage high blood sugar can cause to blood vessels.
5. Being overweight or obese: Excess weight can increase the risk of heart attack by contributing to other risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
6. Not exercising: Lack of physical activity can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
7. Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart attack, as it damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of blood clots.
8. Family history: A family history of heart disease can increase the risk of heart attack.
9. Atrial fibrillation: This is an irregular heart rhythm that can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.
10. Previous heart attack or stroke: People who have had a previous heart attack or stroke are at a higher risk of having another one.
11. Stress: Chronic stress can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
12. Autoimmune conditions: Conditions such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can increase the risk of heart disease in women.
13. Pregnancy-related health problems: Women who develop gestational diabetes or hypertension during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing heart disease later in life.
14. Low estrogen levels: Women who have gone through menopause or had a hysterectomy have lower levels of estrogen, which can increase their risk of heart disease compared to women who have not.
It is important to note that while some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed, many others can be managed through lifestyle changes and medical interventions.
Regular check-ups, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and managing chronic conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes can help reduce the risk of heart attack.
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