El cancher de polmon l"è diagnosticad travers una combinazion de test e procediment, qe pœden includer:
1. Storia medica e esami fisic: El dutur el dumanderà sü i tò sintom, la storia del fumà e la storia familiara de cancher ai polmon.
I faràn anca un esame fisic per verificà se g'è di segn de la malatia.
2. Test de imaging: I ragg X del petto e la tomografia computerizada (CT) sun de solet duperà per creà imagin detaiade di polmon e di strütür intorna.
Chesti test pœden jutar a rilevà anormalità, cuma tumur o nodul, qe pœden indicar la presenza de cancher de polmon.
3. Citologia de l'espettor: Un campiun de l'espettor (mucus tossid su dai polmon) l"è esaminaa sota un microscop per cercà cellule cancerose.
4. Biopsia: Un campiun de tessud pulmonar l"è tolt e esaminaa sota un microscop per determinà se g'è cellule cancerose.
Chestu el pœl vesser faa per mèzz de una broncoscopia, biopsia de aghi o biopsia chirurgica.
5. Broncoscopia: Un tubo sottile e illuminato cun una telecamera l"è metüü denter per el nas o la bocca e giù per la gola per esaminà i vie respiratorie e i polmon.
Chesta procedura la pœl vesser doperada anca per ciapà di campion de tessud per la biopsia.
6. Aspirazion cont un ago fin (FNA): un ago fin l"è inserid ind el nodul o la massa pulmonar per ciapà un campion de cellule per l'esaminazion.
7. Torasentesis: Se tol un fluid del spazi intra i polmon e la pared del pet cont un ago, e poeu se esamina el fluid per vedè se g'è di cellule cancerose.
8. Esami del sangh: Mentre i esami del sangh da sol pœden minga diagnosticar el cancher ai polmon, pœden jutar a determinar la salute general del pazient e identificar qual-sa-vœlta anormalità qe la pœl indicar la presenza del cancher.
9. Scansione ossea, RM, PET scan e olter test: Questi test pœden vesser drovads per determinar se el cancher el s'è spantegad in olter part del corp.
Una volta che el cancher de polmon l"è staa diagnosticad, pœden vesser faa di test complementar per determinà la fase del cancher, qe la giuta a guidà i decizion de tratament.
Chesti test pœden includer plu test de imaging, cuma una tomografia computerizada del cervel, una tomografia ossea o una tomografia a emission de positroni (PET).
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Ni J, Guo Z, Zhang L: [The diagnostic significance of single or combination lung cancer-related serum biomarkers in high risk lung cancer patients]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2016, 55 (1): 25-30.
Nishiyama N, Nakatani S, Iwasa R, Taguchi S, Inoue K, Kinoshita H: [Differential diagnosis between peripheral lung cancer invading the chest wall and chest-wall tumors]. Kyobu Geka. 1997, 50 (10): 893-7.
Kang C, Wang D, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang F, Chen J: Construction and Validation of a Lung Cancer Diagnostic Model Based on 6-Gene Methylation Frequency in Blood, Clinical Features, and Serum Tumor Markers. Comput Math Methods Med. 2021, 2021 (): 9987067.
Heydari F, Rafsanjani MK: A Review on Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Data Mining Algorithms. Curr Med Imaging. 2021, 17 (1): 16-26.
Li L, Feng T, Zhang W, Gao S, Wang R, Lv W, Zhu T, Yu H, Qian B: MicroRNA Biomarker hsa-miR-195-5p for Detecting the Risk of Lung Cancer. Int J Genomics. 2020, 2020 (): 7415909.
Li B, Yuan Q, Zou YT, Su T, Lin Q, Zhang YQ, Shi WQ, Liang RB, Ge QM, Li QY, Shao Y: CA-125, CA-153, and CYFRA21-1 as clinical indicators in male lung cancer with ocular metastasis. J Cancer. 2020, 11 (10): 2730-2736.
Magee ND, Villaumie JS, Marple ET, Ennis M, Elborn JS, McGarvey JJ: Ex vivo diagnosis of lung cancer using a Raman miniprobe. J Phys Chem B. 2009, 113 (23): 8137-41.
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How is lung cancer diagnosed?
Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.
They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.
2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.
These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.
3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.
This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.
7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.
8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.
9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
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