Gh'è divèrsi fattur de ris'c per el tumur de mamm, un quai de lur i è modificabil e un quai de lur i è minga.
Qei chì sun un quai di fattur de ris'c püsee cumün:
1. Età: El ris'c de sviluppà el cancher al mamm aumenta cun l'età, e la magiur part di cas se tröven in di donn de püssè de 50 agn.
2. Storia familiara: Avè un parent visin, cuma una mader, una surela o una fiöla, cun el cancher al mamm aumenta el ris'c.
3. Mutazion genetich: certi mutazion genetich ereditai, cuma BRCA1 e BRCA2, aumenten el ris'c de sviluppà el cancher de mamm.
4. Storia riproduttiva: Menarche (inizi de mestruazion) a l'inzio, menopausa tardiva, e no avè fioeu o avè el prim fioeu dopo i 30 agn pœden aumentà el ris'c.
5. Terapia de sostituziun ormonale: L'uso a longh temp de terapia ormonale combinada de estrogeni e progesterone dopu la menopausa pœu aumentà el ris'c.
6. El consum de alcol: El consum de alcol aumenta el ris'c de cancer de la mamm.
7. Obesità: Vèss sovrappeso o obeso aumenta el ris'c, soratutt dopu la menopausa.
8. Attività fisica: La mancanza de attività fisica pœu aumentar el ris'c.
9. L'esposiziun a la radiaziun: L'esposiziun a di dosi elevad de radiaziun, suratüt durant l'infanzia, pœl aumentà el ris'c.
10. Densità del petto: I donn cont i petto dens g'han un ris'c püsee grand de sviluppà el cancher al petto.
11. Storia menstruala: I donn qe g'han cuminciad a menstruazion prest (prima dei 12 agn) o qe g'han pasad la menopausa tard (dopo i 55 agn) g'han un ris'c un poc plu alt.
12. L'allattament: I donn che hann mai allattà g'han un ris'c un po' püsee alt de sviluppà el cancher al mamm.
L'è important de tegnì cont che avegh vun o plu fattur de ris'c el vör minga dì che una persona la svilupparà sicurament el cancher de mamm, e no avegh nissun fattur de ris'c el vör minga dì che una persona la svilupparà minga el cancher de mamm.
Però, capir sti fattur de ris'c pœu aiutà i individui a fà decizion informade sü la sua salute e potenzialment a ridur el ris'c.
Wung SF, Hepworth JT, Sparenga D, Merkle CJ: Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Breast Cancer Outcomes: A Pilot Study. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2015, 42 (5): E330-8.
Frankl G: Risk factors in breast cancer: are they important, are they the same in pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer patients? Oncology. 1980, 37 (1): 41-5.
Ho PJ, Lau HSH, Ho WK, Wong FY, Yang Q, Tan KW, Tan MH, Chay WY, Chia KS, Hartman M, Li J: Incidence of breast cancer attributable to breast density, modifiable and non-modifiable breast cancer risk factors in Singapore. Sci Rep. 2020, 10 (1): 503.
Barnard ME, Boeke CE, Tamimi RM: Established breast cancer risk factors and risk of intrinsic tumor subtypes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015, 1856 (1): 73-85.
Hines LM, Risendal B, Slattery ML, Baumgartner KB, Giuliano AR, Sweeney C, Rollison DE, Byers T: Comparative analysis of breast cancer risk factors among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. Cancer. 2010, 116 (13): 3215-23.
Rosner B, Glynn RJ, Eliassen AH, Hankinson SE, Tamimi RM, Chen WY, Holmes MD, Mu Y, Peng C, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Tworoger SS: A Multi-State Survival Model for Time to Breast Cancer Mortality among a Cohort of Initially Disease-Free Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2022, 31 (8): 1582-1592.
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What are the risk factors for breast cancer?
There are several risk factors for breast cancer, some of which are modifiable and others that are not.
Here are some of the most common risk factors:
1. Age: The risk of developing breast cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in women over the age of 50.
2. Family history: Having a close relative, such as a mother, sister, or daughter, with breast cancer increases your risk.
3. Genetic mutations: Certain inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
4. Reproductive history: Early menarche (start of menstruation), late menopause, and having no children or having the first child after age 30 can increase the risk.
5. Hormone replacement therapy: Long-term use of combined estrogen and progesterone hormone therapy after menopause can increase the risk.
6. Alcohol consumption: Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer.
7. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk, especially after menopause.
8. Physical activity: Lack of physical activity can increase the risk.
9. Radiation exposure: Exposure to high doses of radiation, particularly during childhood, can increase the risk.
10. Breast density: Women with dense breasts have a higher risk of developing breast cancer.
11. Menstrual history: Women who started menstruating early (before age 12) or went through menopause late (after age 55) have a slightly higher risk.
12. Breastfeeding: Women who have never breastfed have a slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer.
It is important to note that having one or more risk factors does not mean that a person will definitely develop breast cancer, and not having any risk factors does not guarantee that a person will not develop breast cancer.
However, understanding these risk factors can help individuals make informed decisions about their health and potentially reduce their risk.
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