Urtireja, kū sauc ari par nātreni, ir uodys slimeiba, kurai rakstureiga sorkonys, niezeigys i tūs tūskainu plankumu izaruodeišona uodā.
Tū var izraiseit dažaidi faktori, tūs skaitā alerģiskuos reakcejis, infekcejis i nūsaceiti medikamenti.
Urtirejis diagnozeišonā ir juoīkļaun anamnezis, fiziskuo izpiete i cytkuort laboratorejis testi.
1. Medicinys viesture: uorsts vaicos par pacienta medicinys viesturi, tymā skaitā, voi jam ir zynomys kaidys alergejis, nasenejuos slimeibys i kaidus medikamentus jis izmontoj.
Jī ari papraseis, kod suocēs simptomi, cik ilgi tī pastuov i kas ir īmeslis.
2. Fiziskuo puorbaude: uorsts puorbauda uodu, kab nūsaceitu, voi iz tuo atsarūn plankumi, cik tī leli i kur atsarūn.
Jī var ari apsavērt, voi nav ari cytu alergisku reakceju, par pīmāru, sejis, lyupys voi mēlis tūska.
3. Laboratorejis testi: dažūs gadīņūs uorsts var pīpraseit asins testus, kab varātu nūsaceit kaidu alergeju voi infekceju asameibu.
Lai nūsaceitu konkretus alergenus, var veikt ari uodys testus, par pīmāru, uodys pirkstveida testu voi plākstera testu.
4. Alergejis testi: ka uorsts ir aizdūmuojs par alerģisku reakceju, jis var syuteit pacientu iz alergologu tuoļuokai puorbaudei.
Tys var ītvert uodys pirkstus, plāksteru testus voi ašņa testus, kab nūsaceitu konkretus alergenus.
5. diferencialdiagnoze: uorsti jimēs vārā ari cytus īspiejamūs simptomu cālūņus, par pīmāru, cytus uodys saslimšonys voi slimeibys, i var nūruodeit iz papyldu testim, kab tūs izslēgtu.
6. Provokacejis testi: gadīņūs, kod nātreni roda taidi fiziski stimuli kai korstums, soltums voi spīdīņs, uorsti var veikt provokacejis testu, kab apstyprynuotu diagnozi.
Tam ir vajadzeigs īlikt kaidu papyldu īspieju, kab saprostu, voi ir reakceja.
7. Autoimunitate: hroniskuos nātreneibys gadīņūs uorsti var pīpraseit testus, kab nūsaceitu, voi nav autoimunitetu, partū ka cytreiz tuos var izraiseit slimeibu.
8. attāluošonys testi: ratuokūs gadīņūs var tikt pīpraseiti attāluošonys testi, par pīmāru, rentgena voi tomografiskuo tomografeja, kab izsvārtu cytus apstuokļus, kas var izraiseit leidzeigus simptomus.
Vyspuor uorsteišona ir saisteita ar anamnezis, fizisku izpieti i šaļtim ari laboratorejis pietejumim.
Golvonais ir nūskaidruot cālūni i izlemt, kaida ir lobuokuo uorstiešona pacientam.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
['Atsaceišona nu: medicinys']
['Itei interneta vītne ir dūmuota tikai izgleiteibys i informacejis īmeslim, i tei nateik skaiteita par medicinys pīduovuojumu voi profesionalu pakolpuojumu.']
['Pīduovuotū informaceju nadreikst lītuot, kab diagnosticātu voi izuorstātu kaidu slimeibu, i tim, kas meklej personeigu mediciniskū padūmu, juosazynoj ar licencātu uorstu.']
['Juopīzeist, ka neironu teikls, kas generej atbiļdis iz vaicuojumim, ir eipaši napareizs, kod runoj par skaitliskū saturu, par pīmāru, par konkretu slimeibu diagnozātūs cylvāku skaitu.']
['Vysod meklejit padumu nu sova uorsta voi cyta kvalificāta uorsta, kab saprostu jiusu slimeibu. Nikod naatsakuortojit profesionalū uorsta padumu voi aizkavejit tū mekliešonu deļtuo, ka esat koč kū izlasiejs itamā interneta vītnē. Ka jiusim ruodīs, ka jiusim var byut uorsteibys uorkuortys situaceja, zvaniet 911 voi īīt tyvuokajā uorstnīceibys centrā.']
['Atsaceišona: autortiesības']
['1998. goda Digitaluo tyukstūšgadis autoru tīseibu lykums, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) nūdrūsynoj tīseibu aizstuoviešonu autoru tīseibu turātuojim, kuri skaita, ka materialā, kas pasaruoda iz škārsteikla, ir puorkuoptys jūs tīseibys saskaņā ar ASV autoru tīseibu lykumim. ']
['Ka jius iz lobu tycat, ka kaids saturs voi materials, kas ir pīejams saisteibā ar myusu sātom voi pakolpuojumim, puorkuop jiusu autortiesības, jius (voi jiusu aģents) jiusim var syuteit paziņuojumu, kurā lyugts svīgt itū saturu voi materialu voi bloķēt pīeju tam.']
['Paziņuojumi ir juonūsyuta e-postā (vērtīs sadaļu "Kontakti" e-posta adresei).']
['DMCA prasej, kab jiusu paziņuojumā par īspiejamu autortiesību puorkuopumu byutu īkļauta itei informaceja: (1) ar autortiesībām aizsorguotuo dorba aproksts, kas ir īspiejamuos puorkuopuma objekts; (2) īspiejamuos puorkuopuma satura aproksts i informaceja, kas ir pīteikama, kab ļautu mums atrast saturu; (3) jiusu kontaktinformaceja, tymā skaitā adrese, telefona numurs i e-posta adrese; (4) apstyprynuojums, ka jius asat puorlīcynuots, ka saturs tai, kai ir ībyldts, nav atļauts ar autortiesību eipašnīka voi juo aģenta voi kaida lykuma atbolstu; ']
['5. aplīcynuojumu, ka jiusu informaceja ir pareiza i ka jiusim ir tīseibys izmontuot autortīseibys, kuruos ir nūlīgts lītuot;']
['i 6) fizisks voi elektronisks autortīseibu turātuoja voi personas, kas ir pilnvarota dorbuotīs autortīseibu turātuoja vuordā, paraksts.']
['Lyudzu, syutiet mums e-postu ar sevkuru vaicuojumu/ieteikumu.']
How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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