Engtin nge naute pum cancer chu hmuh chhuah a nih?
Hnute cancer chu a hnuaia mi ang hian test leh inenkawlna chi hrang hrang hmanga hmuh chhuah a ni:
1. Hnute endikna: Hrisêlna lam thiam chuan hnute chu a lian emaw, a danglam emaw, a danglamna dang a awm emaw a enfiah ang.
2. Mammogram: Chu chu naute pum chhûnga awm thil danglamna awmte chu a hriat hma pawha hmuh theih tûra naute pum chhûnga x-ray lâk a ni.
3. Ultrasound: Chu chu naute pum chhûnga thil awmte chu a tak nge a tui emaw hriat nân, naute pum chhûnga thil awmte chu a tak nge a tui lo tih hriat nân a hman a ni.
4. MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan chuan magnetic field leh radio wave hmangin, naute pum chhûnga thil awmte chipchiar takin a lem a.
5. Thisen lâk chhuahna: Thisen lâk chhuahna chu a tê hle a, cancer cells a awm leh awm loh hriat nân microscope hmanga enfiah a ni.
6. Thisen enfiah: Thisen enfiahna ṭhenkhat, a nih loh leh cancer awmna hmun hriat nân emaw, enkawlna enfiah nân emaw, thisen pumpui enfiah emaw, tumor chhinchhiahna emaw chu tih a ni thei a.
7. Thlah chhâwn thilte endikna: Chhûngkaw zîngah chuan naute cancer vei an awm tawh chuan, naute cancer vei theihna tûr thlai chi inthlâk danglamna a awm leh awm loh hriat nân genetic test neih a ni thei.
8. Bone scan, CT scan, a nih loh leh PET scan: Hêng imaging test-te hi cancer chu taksa pêng danga a darh leh darh loh hriat nân tih a ni thei a.
Chhul cancer a awm tih hriat chhuah a nih chuan, a enkawl dân tûr chungchânga thu tlûkna siam nân a cancer dinhmun leh a ṭhat dân tûr hriat nân fiahna dang pawh tih belh a ni thei a.
Zahoor S, Lali IU, Khan MA, Javed K, Mehmood W: Breast Cancer Detection and Classification using Traditional Computer Vision Techniques: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Med Imaging. 2020, 16 (10): 1187-1200.
Dewar MA, Love N: Legal issues in managing breast disease. Postgrad Med. 1992, 92 (5): 137-40, 143-4, 149-51 passim.
Donepudi MS, Kondapalli K, Amos SJ, Venkanteshan P: Breast cancer statistics and markers. J Cancer Res Ther. , 10 (3): 506-11.
Sazuka T, Miyazawa Y, Tochigi T, Hirano A, Mori M, Kosugi C, Shuto K, Kasahara K, Hiroshima Y, Matsuo K, Tanaka K, Yamazaki K, Koda K, Matsubara H: [A Case of Rectal Metastasis from Breast Cancer Diagnosed Two Years after Surgery]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2017, 44 (12): 1254-1256.
Yan J, Liu Z, Du S, Li J, Ma L, Li L: Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer in the Precision Medicine Era. Methods Mol Biol. 2020, 2204 (): 53-61.
Cong J, Wei B, He Y, Yin Y, Zheng Y: A Selective Ensemble Classification Method Combining Mammography Images with Ultrasound Images for Breast Cancer Diagnosis. Comput Math Methods Med. 2017, 2017 (): 4896386.
Cui R, Wang C, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Li Y: Serum Carboxypeptidase N1 Serves as a Potential Biomarker Complementing CA15-3 for Breast Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2020, 20 (17): 2053-2065.
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How is breast cancer diagnosed?
Breast cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Clinical breast exam: A healthcare professional will examine the breasts for any lumps, changes in size or shape, or other abnormalities.
2. Mammogram: An x-ray of the breast that can detect abnormalities even before they can be felt.
3. Ultrasound: A test that uses sound waves to create an image of the breast tissue, which can help determine if a lump is solid or filled with fluid.
4. MRI: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast tissue.
5. Biopsy: A small sample of breast tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
6. Blood tests: Certain blood tests, such as a complete blood count or tumor markers, may be done to help determine the stage of the cancer or to monitor treatment.
7. Genetic testing: If there is a family history of breast cancer, genetic testing may be done to determine if there is an inherited gene mutation that increases the risk of developing breast cancer.
8. Bone scan, CT scan, or PET scan: These imaging tests may be done to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of breast cancer is made, further tests may be done to determine the stage and grade of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
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