Pumpui cancer hi test leh inenkawlna chi hrang hrang hmanga hmuhchhuah a ni a, chûngte chu:
1. Damdawi lam chanchin leh taksa endikna: Doctor chuan i natna lan chhuah dân te, mei zuk ṭhin dân te, leh chhûngkaw zîngah pawh pû cancer vei an awm tawh thute a zâwt ang che.
Natna chhinchhiahna a awm leh awm loh hriat nân taksa lam pawh an endik ang.
2. Imaging test: Lung leh a vêla thil awmte chipchiar taka hmuh nân chest X-ray leh computer tomography (CT) scan te chu hman a ni tlângpui.
Hêng endiknate hian pân cancer a awm tih târ lang thei, pân ṭhan emaw, pân zâng emaw ang chi thil danglamte hmuh chhuah a ṭanpui thei a ni.
3. Sputum cytology: I chilphuan (lung aṭanga khawsik chhuak) chu microscope hmangin cancer cells awm leh awm loh enfiah a ni.
4. Biopsy: Pumpui thau chu lâk chhuah a ni a, cancer cells a awm leh awm loh hriat nân microscope hmanga enfiah a ni.
Chu chu bronchoscopy te, needle biopsy te, a nih loh leh surgery hmanga biopsy te hmangin a tih theih a ni.
5. Bronchoscopy: Camera hmanga tube hlai tak, êng tak chu hmui emaw, kâ emaw hmanga hnarkaiah lût a ni a, chu chuan thâwkna kawng leh thin chu a enfiah a ni.
He tih dân hi biopsy atâna tissue sample lâk nân pawh hman theih a ni.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): Thâwkna hmuna cell lâk khâwm nân, a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a hmuna awm chu a ni.
7. Thoracentesis: Pumpui leh a pum chhûng lam kâra awm tui chu thîr hmangin lâk chhuah a ni a, chu tui chu cancer cells a awm leh awm loh endik a ni.
8. Thisen enfiah: Thisen enfiah ringawt chuan pû cancer a ni tih a hriat theih loh laiin, damlo hrisêlna pum pui leh cancer a ni tih târ lang thei thil danglamna engpawh hriat chhuah nân a ṭanpui thei a ni.
9. Bone scan, MRI, PET scan, leh fiahna dangte: Hêng fiahnate hi cancer chu taksa pêng danga a darh leh darh loh hriat nân hman a ni thei a.
Pumpui cancer a lo awm tih hriat chhuah a nih chuan, a enkawl dân tûr chungchânga thu tlûkna siam nân a cancer dinhmun hriat nân test dang pawh tih belh a ngai a ni.
Hêng endiknaah hian thluak CT scan te, ruh scan te, a nih loh leh positron emission tomography (PET) scan te ang chi endikna dang a tel thei a.
Zhou P, Lu F, Wang J, Wang K, Liu B, Li N, Tang B: A portable point-of-care testing system to diagnose lung cancer through the detection of exosomal miRNA in urine and saliva. Chem Commun (Camb). 2020, 56 (63): 8968-8971.
Ni J, Guo Z, Zhang L: [The diagnostic significance of single or combination lung cancer-related serum biomarkers in high risk lung cancer patients]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2016, 55 (1): 25-30.
Nishiyama N, Nakatani S, Iwasa R, Taguchi S, Inoue K, Kinoshita H: [Differential diagnosis between peripheral lung cancer invading the chest wall and chest-wall tumors]. Kyobu Geka. 1997, 50 (10): 893-7.
Kang C, Wang D, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang F, Chen J: Construction and Validation of a Lung Cancer Diagnostic Model Based on 6-Gene Methylation Frequency in Blood, Clinical Features, and Serum Tumor Markers. Comput Math Methods Med. 2021, 2021 (): 9987067.
Heydari F, Rafsanjani MK: A Review on Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Data Mining Algorithms. Curr Med Imaging. 2021, 17 (1): 16-26.
Li L, Feng T, Zhang W, Gao S, Wang R, Lv W, Zhu T, Yu H, Qian B: MicroRNA Biomarker hsa-miR-195-5p for Detecting the Risk of Lung Cancer. Int J Genomics. 2020, 2020 (): 7415909.
Li B, Yuan Q, Zou YT, Su T, Lin Q, Zhang YQ, Shi WQ, Liang RB, Ge QM, Li QY, Shao Y: CA-125, CA-153, and CYFRA21-1 as clinical indicators in male lung cancer with ocular metastasis. J Cancer. 2020, 11 (10): 2730-2736.
Magee ND, Villaumie JS, Marple ET, Ennis M, Elborn JS, McGarvey JJ: Ex vivo diagnosis of lung cancer using a Raman miniprobe. J Phys Chem B. 2009, 113 (23): 8137-41.
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How is lung cancer diagnosed?
Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.
They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.
2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.
These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.
3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.
This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.
7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.
8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.
9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
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