1. Zial zûk: Zial zûk chu pû cancer awmtîrtu ber a ni.
Ni khata meizial zûk zât leh kum zât a zûk zât chuan a hlauhawmna chu a pung zêl a ni.
2. Meizial zuk: Meizial zuk lo mi dangte meizial zuk chuan an pûkah cancer a thlen theihzia a tizual thei a.
3. Radon gas: Radon gas, leilung aṭanga chhuak radioactive gas tam tak kâra awm chuan pû cancer a thlen theihzia a tizual thei a.
4. Asbestos leh cancer thlentu thil dang: Asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, soot, tar, leh thil dangte chuan pû cancer a thlen thei a.
5. Boruak bawlhhlawhna: Boruak bawlhhlawhna, a bîk takin khawpuia awmte'n rei tak an tuar chuan, chu chuan thawhah cancer a thlen theihna chu a tizual deuh mai thei a.
6. Chhûngkaw chanchin: Chhûngkaw chanchin-a chuap cancer vei an awm chuan, chu chuan a hlauhawmna a tizual thei a ni.
7. Pumpui natna nei: Pumpui natna chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) emaw, TB emaw nei tawh chuan pumpui cancer an vei a hlauhawm zual a.
8. Kum: Pumpui cancer vei theihna chu kum a lo upat chhoh zêl hian a pung a, a vei tam zâwk chu kum 65 chung lamte an ni.
9. Mipa leh Hmeichhia: Hmeichhiate aiin mipaah chuan pû cancer a awm duh zâwk a.
10. Radiation therapy: Cancer dang avânga a hmaa a pum chhûnga radiation therapy pêk tawhna chuan pû cancer a neih theihna a tizual thei a.
11. Chaw ei: Hnim leh thei ei tam lo chuan pû cancer a thlen theih a.
12. Zu in: Zu in tam chuan pû cancer a thlen theihzia a tizual thei a.
13. Thlahtute: Thlahtute zîngah chi inthlâk danglamna engemaw chuan pû cancer vei theihna a tizual thei a.
Hêng risk factor-te zînga pakhat emaw, a aia tam emaw neihna chuan mi chu a tâwpah chuan pû cancer a vei ngei dâwn tihna a ni kher lo tih hriat a pawimawh a, pû cancer vei mi ṭhenkhat chuan risk factor hriat sa an nei lo pawh a ni thei.
Amaherawhchu, hêng thil hlauhawm takte laka fihlim loh emaw, fihlim lo emaw chuan pû cancer vei theihna chu a tiziaawm thei a ni.
Jin YJ, Tang W, Huang Y, Wang JW, Hou DH, Qi LL, Zhao SJ, Wu N: [Risk factors for lung cancer based on low-dose computed tomography screening]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2020, 42 (3): 222-227.
Hosseini M, Naghan PA, Karimi S, SeyedAlinaghi S, Bahadori M, Khodadad K, Mohammadi F, Kaynama K, Keynama K, Masjedi MR: Environmental risk factors for lung cancer in Iran: a case-control study. Int J Epidemiol. 2009, 38 (4): 989-96.
Zhou X, Hu J, Zhang C, Zhan Y, Song Y, Fan W, Hu Z, Yang H, Yang Q, Wu D, Li F, Li D, Nie R: Clinical characteristics and risk factors for in-hospital mortality of lung cancer patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study. Thorac Cancer. 2021, 12 (1): 57-65.
Liu X, Fan Y, Jiang Y, Xiang J, Wang J, Sun Z, Ren G, Yao S, Chang R, Zhao Y, Qiao Y, Zhou Q: [A cohort study on risk factors of lung cancer in Yunnan tin miners]. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. 2013, 16 (4): 184-90.
Aoun J, Saleh N, Waked M, Salamé J, Salameh P: Lung cancer correlates in Lebanese adults: a pilot case--control study. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2013, 3 (4): 235-44.
Chan-Yeung M, Koo LC, Ho JC, Tsang KW, Chau WS, Chiu SW, Ip MS, Lam WK: Risk factors associated with lung cancer in Hong Kong. Lung Cancer. 2003, 40 (2): 131-40.
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['(5) Thu dik lo sawi hlauvin i hming ziakna, hriattîrna thute chu a dikzia leh i bawhchhiat nia sawi dikna chanvo humhim tûra thuneihna i nei tih i puan chhuahna;']
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What are the risk factors for lung cancer?
The risk factors for lung cancer include:
1. Smoking: Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer.
The risk increases with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of years a person has smoked.
2. Secondhand smoke: Exposure to secondhand smoke can increase the risk of lung cancer in non-smokers.
3. Radon gas: Exposure to high levels of radon gas, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, can increase the risk of lung cancer.
4. Asbestos and other carcinogens: Exposure to asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, soot, tar, and other substances can cause lung cancer.
5. Air pollution: Long-term exposure to air pollution, particularly in urban areas, may slightly increase the risk of lung cancer.
6. Family history: A family history of lung cancer may increase a person's risk.
7. Personal history of lung disease: People with a history of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or tuberculosis may have an increased risk of lung cancer.
8. Age: The risk of lung cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in people over the age of 65.
9. Gender: Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.
10. Radiation therapy: Previous radiation therapy to the chest for other cancers can increase the risk of lung cancer.
11. Diet: A diet low in fruits and vegetables may increase the risk of lung cancer.
12. Alcohol consumption: Heavy alcohol consumption may increase the risk of lung cancer.
13. Genetics: Certain genetic mutations may increase the risk of lung cancer.
It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not necessarily mean a person will develop lung cancer, and some people who develop lung cancer may not have any known risk factors.
However, reducing or avoiding exposure to these risk factors can help lower the chances of developing lung cancer.
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