Urtikaria, disabuik juo jo namo gatal-gatal, adolah kondisi kulik nan ditandoi jo muncuanyo kulik nan bakaruik, manggarik, jo bengkak.
Bisa disababkan dek babagai faktor, tamasuak reaksi alergi, infeksi, jo ubek tatantu.
Diagnosis urtikaria maliputi kombinasi sijarah medis, pamantauan fisik, jo kadang-kadang tes laboratorium.
1. Sijarah medis: Dokter akan batanyo tantang sijarah medis pasien, tamasuak alergi nan dikatahui, panyakik baru-baru iko, jo ubek nan diambiak.
Inyo juo dapek batanyo tantang wakatu muncuanyo gejala, bara lamo gejala tu, sarato apo panyababnyo.
2. Pemeriksaan fisik: Dokter akan mamareso kulik untuak mancaliak adonyo luko, ukurannyo, jo distribusi.
Inyo dapek juo mancaliak tando-tando lain dari reaksi alergi, sarupo abuak muko, bibir, atau lidah.
3. Tes laboratorium: Dalam babarapo kasus, dotor dapek mamarentahan tes darah untuak mancaliak adonyo alergi atau infeksi.
Tes kulik, sarupo tes tikam kulik atau tes tambalan, dapek juo dilakuan untuak mangidentifikasi alergen spesifik.
4. Tes alergi: Kok dokter curiga ado reaksi alergi, inyo dapek marujuak pasien ka ahli alergi untuak tes labiah lanjuik.
Hal iko dapek tamasuak tes kulik, tes tambalan, atau tes darah untuak mangidentifikasi alergen spesifik.
5. Diagnosis diferensial: Dokter juo akan mampertimbangkan kamungkinan panyabab lain dari gejala, sarupo kondisi kulik lainnyo atau kondisi medis nan alah ado, dan dapek mamarentahan tes tambahan untuak manolak hal iko.
6. Tes provokasi: Dalam kasus urtikaria fisik, dimano saranggo ditimbulkan dek rangsangan fisik sarupo paneh, dingin, atau takanan, dotor dapek malakukan tes provokasi untuak mangkonfirmasi diagnosis.
Iko barupo mangekspos kulik ka panyabab nan diduga untuak mancaliak apokoh ado reaksi.
7. Tes otoimun: Pado kasus urtikaria kronis, dotor dapek mamarentahan tes untuak mancaliak panyakik otoimun, karano kadang-kadang panyakik iko dapek manyababkan kondisi iko.
8. Tes imaging: Dalam kasus nan jarang, tes imaging sarupo X-ray atau CT scan dapek disuruah untuak mailangkan kondisi lain nan dapek manyababkan gejala nan sarupo.
Pado umumnyo, diagnosis urtikaria maliputi kombinasi sijarah medis, pamantauan fisik, jo kadang-kadang tes laboratorium.
Tujuannyo adolah untuak manantuan panyabab utamo jo manantuan caro perawatan nan paliang baiak untuak pasien.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
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How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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