How is Colon cancer diagnosed?

Me pēhea te tātaritanga o te mate pukupuku puku?

Ka kitea te mate pukupuku puku mā te whakakotahitanga o ngā whakamātautau me ngā tukanga, tae atu ki:

1. Arotake Tinana: Ka whakamātauria e te tākuta he mate, he tohu mate rānei.

2. Ngā whakamātautau toto: Ka taea e ngā whakamātautau toto te āwhina ki te whakatau mēnā he hē i roto i te toto e tohu ana i te tīari o te mate pukupuku.

3. Ngā whakamātautau tūnga: Ka kitea e tētahi whakamātautau tūnga te tīari o te toto i roto i te tūnga, tērā pea he tohu o te mate pukupuku puku.

4. Colonoscopy: He tukanga tēnei e whakaurua ai tētahi ngongo angiangi, ngohengohe me te rama me te kāmera i te pito ki te puku hei tirotiro i te puku.

I te wā o te colonoscopy, ka tango pea te tākuta i ngā tauira kiko (ngā pūtau) hei tirotiro mō ngā pūtau mate pukupuku.

5. Sigmoidoscopy: He rite ki te colonoscopy, ka tirohia e te sigmoidoscopy te waahanga o raro o te puku.

6. Virtual colonoscopy: He matawai CT tēnei o te puku e hanga ana i tētahi whakaahua 3D o te puku me te puku.

7. Te whakamātautau toto huna i roto i te paru: Ka tirohia e tēnei whakamātautau te tīari o te toto i roto i te paru, e tohu ana pea i te tīari o te mate pukupuku.

8. Te whakahinuhinu barium-rua: He whakamātautau hihi-x tenei o te puku me te puku, e whakamahia ana he rauemi rereke hei whakaatu i nga mahi rereke.

9. Te tātari: Ko te tātari ko te tango i tētahi iti o te kiko mai i te puku hei tirotiro i raro i te karuiti hei whakatau mēnā kei reira ngā pūtau mate pukupuku.

10. Ngā whakamātautau whakaahua: Ka whakamahia pea ngā matawai CT, ngā matawai MRI, me ngā hihi x-kēki hei whakatau mēnā kua horapa te mate pukupuku ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana.

Ina oti te tātaritanga o te mate pukupuku puku, ka whakatau te tākuta i te wāhanga o te mate pukupuku, e āwhina ana ki te whakatau i te huarahi pai rawa o te maimoatanga.

Ko te atamira e hāngai ana ki te rahi me te tauwāhi o te puku, tae atu ki te horahanga atu ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana.

['Ngā tohutoro']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Su Y, Tian X, Gao R, Guo W, Chen C, Chen C, Jia D, Li H, Lv X: Colon cancer diagnosis and staging classification based on machine learning and bioinformatics analysis. Comput Biol Med. 2022, 145 (): 105409.

Khan FA, Albalawi R, Pottoo FH: Trends in targeted delivery of nanomaterials in colon cancer diagnosis and treatment. Med Res Rev. 2022, 42 (1): 227-258.

Shi J, Fei J, Yi Q, Shen L, Wan B, Chen Y, Chang Q: Treatment of colon cancer in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. BMC Cancer. 2018, 18 (1): 961.

Ren QG, Huang T, Yang SL, Hu JL: Colon cancer metastasis to the mandibular gingiva with partial occult squamous differentiation: A case report and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol. 2017, 6 (2): 189-192.

Feng HT, Zou S, Chen M, Xiong F, Lee MH, Fang L, Tang BZ: Tuning Push-Pull Electronic Effects of AIEgens to Boost the Theranostic Efficacy for Colon Cancer. J Am Chem Soc. 2020, 142 (26): 11442-11450.

Slattery ML, Kerber RA: The impact of family history of colon cancer on survival after diagnosis with colon cancer. Int J Epidemiol. 1995, 24 (5): 888-96.

Tada M: [Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer]. Rinsho Byori. 1990, 38 (4): 403-6.

['Whakakahoretanga: hauora']

['Ko tenei paetukutuku e whakaratohia ana mo nga kaupapa ako me nga korero anake, kaore hoki e whakarato i nga tohutohu hauora, i nga ratonga ngaio ranei.']

['Kaua e whakamahia ngā mōhiohio e whakaratohia ana hei tātaritanga, hei whakaora rānei i tētahi raruraru hauora, mate rānei, ā, ko te hunga e rapu ana i te tohutohu hauora whaiaro me kōrero ki tētahi tākuta whai raihana.']

['Kia mōhio mai koe ko te whatunga pūtau e whakaputa ana i ngā whakautu ki ngā pātai, he tino hē ina tae mai ki te ihirangi tau. Hei tauira, ko te tokomaha o ngā tāngata kua tohua he mate tauwhāiti.']

['Me rapu tonu i te tohutohu a tō tākuta, i tētahi atu kaiwhakarato hauora whai tohu rānei e pā ana ki tētahi mate hauora. Kaua rawa e whakahawea ki te tohutohu hauora ngaio, te whakaroa rānei ki te rapu i te mea nā tētahi mea i pānuihia e koe i tēnei paetukutuku. Ki te whakaaro koe he mate hauora ohorere pea koe, waea atu ki te 911 ka haere ki te rūma ohorere tata tonu. Kāore he hononga tākuta-tūroro i hangaia e tēnei paetukutuku, i tōna whakamahinga rānei. Kāore a BioMedLib, ōna kaimahi rānei, tētahi kaitohutohu rānei ki tēnei paetukutuku, e whakaatu ana, e tohu ana rānei, e pā ana ki ngā mōhiohio e whakaratohia ana i konei, ki tōna whakamahinga rānei.']

['Whakakahoretanga: mana pupuri']

['Ko te Ture Mana pupuri Mamati Mamati o te tau 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (te DMCA) e whakarato ana i te whakahoki mo nga rangatira mana pupuri e whakapono ana ko nga rauemi e puta ana i runga i te Ipurangi e takahi ana i o raatau mana i raro i te ture mana pupuri a US. ']

['Mēnā e whakapono pono ana koe e takahi ana tētahi ihirangi, rauemi rānei e wātea ana i runga i tō mātou paetukutuku, ratonga rānei i tō mana pupuri, ka taea e koe (tō māngai rānei) te tuku pānui ki a mātou e tono ana kia tangohia te ihirangi, rauemi rānei, kia āraia rānei te uru atu ki a ia. ']

["Me tuku ngā whakamōhiotanga ā-tuhi mā te īmēra (tirohia te wāhanga 'Whakapā' mō te wāhitau īmēra). "]

['E hiahiatia ana e te DMCA kia whakaurua ki tō whakamōhiotanga mō te whakawātea mana pupuri i ngā mōhiohio e whai ake nei: (1) whakaahuatanga o te mahi mana pupuri e pā ana ki te whakawātea e whakapaetia ana; (2) whakaahuatanga o te ihirangi e whakapaetia ana e takahi ana me ngā mōhiohio e tika ana kia taea ai e mātou te kimi i te ihirangi; (3) mōhiohio whakapā mōu, tae atu ki tō wāhitau, tau waea me tō wāhitau īmēra; (4) he tauākī nāu e whakapono pono ana koe kāore te ihirangi i te āhua e amuamutia ana i whakamanahia e te kaipupuri mana pupuri, e tana māngai rānei, e te whakahaerenga rānei o tētahi ture; ']

['(5) he tauākī nāu i haina, i raro i te whiu o te whakapae teka, e tika ana ngā mōhiohio i roto i te whakamōhiotanga, ā, kei a koe te mana ki te whakatinana i ngā mana pupuri e kīia ana kua takahia;']

['me te (6) he waitohu ā-tinana, ā-rorohiko rānei a te kaipupuri mana pupuri, a tētahi tangata rānei kua whakamanahia ki te mahi mō te kaipupuri mana pupuri. ']

['Ki te kore e whakaurua ngā mōhiohio katoa i runga ake nei, ka whakaroa pea te tukatuka o tō amuamu.']

['Whakapā']

['Tena koa tukuna mai he imeera ki a maatau me tetahi patai / whakaaro.']

How is colon cancer diagnosed?

Colon cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:

1. Physical examination: A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for any abnormalities or signs of illness.

2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine if there are any abnormalities in the blood that may indicate the presence of cancer.

3. Stool tests: A stool test can detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may be a sign of colon cancer.

4. Colonoscopy: This is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon.

During a colonoscopy, the doctor can also take tissue samples (biopsies) to be examined for cancer cells.

5. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines the lower part of the colon.

6. Virtual colonoscopy: This is a CT scan of the colon that creates a 3D image of the colon and rectum.

7. Fecal occult blood test: This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer.

8. Double-contrast barium enema: This is an x-ray examination of the colon and rectum, in which a contrast material is used to highlight any abnormalities.

9. Biopsy: A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue from the colon for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.

10. Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI scans, and chest x-rays may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Once a diagnosis of colon cancer is made, the doctor will determine the stage of the cancer, which helps determine the best course of treatment.

Staging is based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as whether it has spread to other parts of the body.

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