Ko te urticaria, e mōhiotia ana hoki ko te hives, he mate kiri e kitea ana e te āhua o ngā kiri whero, e ngau ana, e pupuhi ana i te kiri.
He maha ngā take ka puta, tae atu ki ngā tauhohenga mate pāwera, ngā mate, me ētahi rongoā.
Ko te tātaritanga o te urticaria he huinga o te hītori hauora, te whakamātautau ā-tinana, me ētahi wā ko ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga.
1. Tuhinga o mua: Ka ui te taakuta mo te hitori o te mate o te tuuroro, tae atu ki nga mate mate e mohiotia ana, nga mate o mua, me nga rongoa i tangohia.
Ka pātai anō hoki rātau mō te tīmatanga o ngā tohu, te roa o te wā, me ngā take pea.
2. Arotake tinana: Ka tirohia e te taakuta te kiri mo te aroaro o nga whiu, to raatau rahi, me to tohatoha.
Ka tirohia hoki e rātau ētahi atu tohu o te urupare pāwera, pēnei i te pupuhi o te mata, ngutu, arero rānei.
3. Nga whakamātautau taiwhanga: I etahi wa, ka tono pea te taakuta i nga whakamatautau toto hei tirotiro i te aroaro o nga mate mate, nga mate ranei.
Ka taea hoki te mahi i ngā whakamātautau kiri, pēnei i te whakamātautau kiri, te whakamātautau papaki rānei, hei tautuhi i ngā mate pāwera motuhake.
4. Nga whakamātautau mate pāwera: Mena ka whakapae te taakuta he urupare mate pāwera, ka tukuna pea e raatau te tuuroro ki tetahi tohunga mate pāwera mo etahi atu whakamatautau.
Tērā pea ko ngā whakamātautau kiri, ngā whakamātautau papaki, ngā whakamātautau toto rānei hei tautuhi i ngā kaiārai tauwhāiti.
5. Te tātaritanga rerekētanga: Ka whakaaro hoki te tākuta ki ētahi atu take pea o ngā tohu, pēnei i ētahi atu mate kiri, i ngā mate hauora rānei, ā, ka tono pea i ētahi atu whakamātautau hei whakakore i ēnei.
6. Nga whakamātautau whakaoho: I nga keehi o te urticaria tinana, i te wa e whakaohohia ana nga urticaria e nga whakaoho tinana penei i te wera, te makariri, te pehanga ranei, ka taea e te taakuta te whakamatautau whakaoho hei whakaū i te tohu.
Kei roto i tēnei ko te whakamōhio i te kiri ki te mea e whakapaetia ana he whakaoho, kia kite mēnā ka puta he tauhohenga.
7. Nga whakamātautau autoimmune: I nga keehi o te urticaria mau tonu, ka tono pea te taakuta i nga whakamatautau hei tirotiro i nga mate autoimmune, na te mea i etahi wa ka pa mai enei mate.
8. Nga whakamātautau Whakaahua: I nga keehi onge, ka whakahaua pea nga whakamatautau whakaahua penei i te X-ray, te CT scan ranei hei whakakore i etahi atu ahuatanga ka puta he tohu rite.
Ko te tikanga, ko te tātaritanga o te urticaria he huinga o te hītori hauora, te whakamātautau ā-tinana, me ētahi wā ko ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga.
Ko te whāinga ko te kimi i te take taketake me te whakatau i te huarahi pai rawa atu mo te tūroro.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
['Whakakahoretanga: hauora']
['Ko tenei paetukutuku e whakaratohia ana mo nga kaupapa ako me nga korero anake, kaore hoki e whakarato i nga tohutohu hauora, i nga ratonga ngaio ranei.']
['Kaua e whakamahia ngā mōhiohio e whakaratohia ana hei tātaritanga, hei whakaora rānei i tētahi raruraru hauora, mate rānei, ā, ko te hunga e rapu ana i te tohutohu hauora whaiaro me kōrero ki tētahi tākuta whai raihana.']
['Kia mōhio mai koe ko te whatunga pūtau e whakaputa ana i ngā whakautu ki ngā pātai, he tino hē ina tae mai ki te ihirangi tau. Hei tauira, ko te tokomaha o ngā tāngata kua tohua he mate tauwhāiti.']
['Me rapu tonu i te tohutohu a tō tākuta, i tētahi atu kaiwhakarato hauora whai tohu rānei e pā ana ki tētahi mate hauora. Kaua rawa e whakahawea ki te tohutohu hauora ngaio, te whakaroa rānei ki te rapu i te mea nā tētahi mea i pānuihia e koe i tēnei paetukutuku. Ki te whakaaro koe he mate hauora ohorere pea koe, waea atu ki te 911 ka haere ki te rūma ohorere tata tonu. Kāore he hononga tākuta-tūroro i hangaia e tēnei paetukutuku, i tōna whakamahinga rānei. Kāore a BioMedLib, ōna kaimahi rānei, tētahi kaitohutohu rānei ki tēnei paetukutuku, e whakaatu ana, e tohu ana rānei, e pā ana ki ngā mōhiohio e whakaratohia ana i konei, ki tōna whakamahinga rānei.']
['Whakakahoretanga: mana pupuri']
['Ko te Ture Mana pupuri Mamati Mamati o te tau 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (te DMCA) e whakarato ana i te whakahoki mo nga rangatira mana pupuri e whakapono ana ko nga rauemi e puta ana i runga i te Ipurangi e takahi ana i o raatau mana i raro i te ture mana pupuri a US. ']
['Mēnā e whakapono pono ana koe e takahi ana tētahi ihirangi, rauemi rānei e wātea ana i runga i tō mātou paetukutuku, ratonga rānei i tō mana pupuri, ka taea e koe (tō māngai rānei) te tuku pānui ki a mātou e tono ana kia tangohia te ihirangi, rauemi rānei, kia āraia rānei te uru atu ki a ia. ']
["Me tuku ngā whakamōhiotanga ā-tuhi mā te īmēra (tirohia te wāhanga 'Whakapā' mō te wāhitau īmēra). "]
['E hiahiatia ana e te DMCA kia whakaurua ki tō whakamōhiotanga mō te whakawātea mana pupuri i ngā mōhiohio e whai ake nei: (1) whakaahuatanga o te mahi mana pupuri e pā ana ki te whakawātea e whakapaetia ana; (2) whakaahuatanga o te ihirangi e whakapaetia ana e takahi ana me ngā mōhiohio e tika ana kia taea ai e mātou te kimi i te ihirangi; (3) mōhiohio whakapā mōu, tae atu ki tō wāhitau, tau waea me tō wāhitau īmēra; (4) he tauākī nāu e whakapono pono ana koe kāore te ihirangi i te āhua e amuamutia ana i whakamanahia e te kaipupuri mana pupuri, e tana māngai rānei, e te whakahaerenga rānei o tētahi ture; ']
['(5) he tauākī nāu i haina, i raro i te whiu o te whakapae teka, e tika ana ngā mōhiohio i roto i te whakamōhiotanga, ā, kei a koe te mana ki te whakatinana i ngā mana pupuri e kīia ana kua takahia;']
['me te (6) he waitohu ā-tinana, ā-rorohiko rānei a te kaipupuri mana pupuri, a tētahi tangata rānei kua whakamanahia ki te mahi mō te kaipupuri mana pupuri. ']
['Ki te kore e whakaurua ngā mōhiohio katoa i runga ake nei, ka whakaroa pea te tukatuka o tō amuamu.']
['Whakapā']
['Tena koa tukuna mai he imeera ki a maatau me tetahi patai / whakaaro.']
How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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['Tirohia te "Whakaputanga" hoki "Whakakahoretanga".']
