What are the risk factors for Breast cancer?

He aha ngā āhuatanga mōrearea mō te mate pukupuku uma?

He maha ngā āhuatanga mōrearea mō te mate pukupuku uma, ko ētahi o ēnei ka taea te whakarerekē, ko ētahi kāore e taea.

Anei ētahi o ngā āhuatanga mōrearea tino noa:

1. Tau: Ka piki te mōrea o te mate pukupuku uma i te pakeke, me te nuinga o ngā take e puta ana i roto i nga wahine i runga i te tau o 50.

2. Tuhinga o mua: Ko te whanaunga tata, pēnei i te whaea, tuahine, tamahine ranei, he mate pukupuku uma ka nui ake te mōrearea.

3. Ngā irakati iranga: Ko ētahi irakati iranga tuku iho, pēnei i te BRCA1 me te BRCA2, ka whakapiki ake i te mōrea o te mate pukupuku uma.

4. Te hītori whakaputa uri: Ko te tīmatanga wawe o te marama, te mutunga o te menopause, me te kore tamariki, te whanau tamariki tuatahi rānei i muri i te 30 tau ka nui ake te mōrearea.

5. Te rongoa whakakapi Hormone: Ko te whakamahinga mo te wa roa o te estrogen me te progesterone therapy hormone i muri i te menopause ka nui ake te tuponotanga.

6. Te inu waipiro: Ko te inu waipiro ka whakapiki i te mate pukupuku o te uma.

7. Te mōmona: Ko te taumaha rawa, te mōmona rānei ka whakapiki i te mōrea, i muri iho i te wā o te kōhukihuki.

8. Mahi tinana: Ko te kore mahi tinana ka nui ake te tuponotanga.

9. Te pānga ki te hihi: Ko te pānga ki te nui o te hihi, i te wā o te tamarikitanga, ka nui ake te mōrearea.

10. Te nui o te u: Ko nga wahine e nui ana te u, he nui ake te mate o te mate pukupuku o te u.

11. Tuhinga o mua: Ko nga wahine i tiimata wawe te menstruation (i mua i te 12 tau) i te mutunga ranei o te menopause (i muri i te 55 tau) he iti ake te tuponotanga.

12. Te whāngai u: Ko nga wahine kaore ano kia whāngai u he nui ake te tupono ka mate i te mate pukupuku o te u.

He mea nui kia mōhio ko te whai i tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā āhuatanga mōrearea, kāore i te tikanga ka tino pāngia te tangata ki te mate pukupuku uma, ā, kāore he āhuatanga mōrearea e kī ana kāore te tangata e pāngia e te mate pukupuku uma.

Heoi anō, mā te mārama ki ēnei āhuatanga mōrearea ka āwhina i ngā tāngata ki te whakatau i ngā whakataunga mō tō rātou hauora, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i tō rātou mōrearea.

['Ngā tohutoro']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Wung SF, Hepworth JT, Sparenga D, Merkle CJ: Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Breast Cancer Outcomes: A Pilot Study. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2015, 42 (5): E330-8.

Frankl G: Risk factors in breast cancer: are they important, are they the same in pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer patients? Oncology. 1980, 37 (1): 41-5.

Ho PJ, Lau HSH, Ho WK, Wong FY, Yang Q, Tan KW, Tan MH, Chay WY, Chia KS, Hartman M, Li J: Incidence of breast cancer attributable to breast density, modifiable and non-modifiable breast cancer risk factors in Singapore. Sci Rep. 2020, 10 (1): 503.

Barnard ME, Boeke CE, Tamimi RM: Established breast cancer risk factors and risk of intrinsic tumor subtypes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015, 1856 (1): 73-85.

Hines LM, Risendal B, Slattery ML, Baumgartner KB, Giuliano AR, Sweeney C, Rollison DE, Byers T: Comparative analysis of breast cancer risk factors among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. Cancer. 2010, 116 (13): 3215-23.

Rosner B, Glynn RJ, Eliassen AH, Hankinson SE, Tamimi RM, Chen WY, Holmes MD, Mu Y, Peng C, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Tworoger SS: A Multi-State Survival Model for Time to Breast Cancer Mortality among a Cohort of Initially Disease-Free Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2022, 31 (8): 1582-1592.

['Whakakahoretanga: hauora']

['Ko tenei paetukutuku e whakaratohia ana mo nga kaupapa ako me nga korero anake, kaore hoki e whakarato i nga tohutohu hauora, i nga ratonga ngaio ranei.']

['Kaua e whakamahia ngā mōhiohio e whakaratohia ana hei tātaritanga, hei whakaora rānei i tētahi raruraru hauora, mate rānei, ā, ko te hunga e rapu ana i te tohutohu hauora whaiaro me kōrero ki tētahi tākuta whai raihana.']

['Kia mōhio mai koe ko te whatunga pūtau e whakaputa ana i ngā whakautu ki ngā pātai, he tino hē ina tae mai ki te ihirangi tau. Hei tauira, ko te tokomaha o ngā tāngata kua tohua he mate tauwhāiti.']

['Me rapu tonu i te tohutohu a tō tākuta, i tētahi atu kaiwhakarato hauora whai tohu rānei e pā ana ki tētahi mate hauora. Kaua rawa e whakahawea ki te tohutohu hauora ngaio, te whakaroa rānei ki te rapu i te mea nā tētahi mea i pānuihia e koe i tēnei paetukutuku. Ki te whakaaro koe he mate hauora ohorere pea koe, waea atu ki te 911 ka haere ki te rūma ohorere tata tonu. Kāore he hononga tākuta-tūroro i hangaia e tēnei paetukutuku, i tōna whakamahinga rānei. Kāore a BioMedLib, ōna kaimahi rānei, tētahi kaitohutohu rānei ki tēnei paetukutuku, e whakaatu ana, e tohu ana rānei, e pā ana ki ngā mōhiohio e whakaratohia ana i konei, ki tōna whakamahinga rānei.']

['Whakakahoretanga: mana pupuri']

['Ko te Ture Mana pupuri Mamati Mamati o te tau 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (te DMCA) e whakarato ana i te whakahoki mo nga rangatira mana pupuri e whakapono ana ko nga rauemi e puta ana i runga i te Ipurangi e takahi ana i o raatau mana i raro i te ture mana pupuri a US. ']

['Mēnā e whakapono pono ana koe e takahi ana tētahi ihirangi, rauemi rānei e wātea ana i runga i tō mātou paetukutuku, ratonga rānei i tō mana pupuri, ka taea e koe (tō māngai rānei) te tuku pānui ki a mātou e tono ana kia tangohia te ihirangi, rauemi rānei, kia āraia rānei te uru atu ki a ia. ']

["Me tuku ngā whakamōhiotanga ā-tuhi mā te īmēra (tirohia te wāhanga 'Whakapā' mō te wāhitau īmēra). "]

['E hiahiatia ana e te DMCA kia whakaurua ki tō whakamōhiotanga mō te whakawātea mana pupuri i ngā mōhiohio e whai ake nei: (1) whakaahuatanga o te mahi mana pupuri e pā ana ki te whakawātea e whakapaetia ana; (2) whakaahuatanga o te ihirangi e whakapaetia ana e takahi ana me ngā mōhiohio e tika ana kia taea ai e mātou te kimi i te ihirangi; (3) mōhiohio whakapā mōu, tae atu ki tō wāhitau, tau waea me tō wāhitau īmēra; (4) he tauākī nāu e whakapono pono ana koe kāore te ihirangi i te āhua e amuamutia ana i whakamanahia e te kaipupuri mana pupuri, e tana māngai rānei, e te whakahaerenga rānei o tētahi ture; ']

['(5) he tauākī nāu i haina, i raro i te whiu o te whakapae teka, e tika ana ngā mōhiohio i roto i te whakamōhiotanga, ā, kei a koe te mana ki te whakatinana i ngā mana pupuri e kīia ana kua takahia;']

['me te (6) he waitohu ā-tinana, ā-rorohiko rānei a te kaipupuri mana pupuri, a tētahi tangata rānei kua whakamanahia ki te mahi mō te kaipupuri mana pupuri. ']

['Ki te kore e whakaurua ngā mōhiohio katoa i runga ake nei, ka whakaroa pea te tukatuka o tō amuamu.']

['Whakapā']

['Tena koa tukuna mai he imeera ki a maatau me tetahi patai / whakaaro.']

What are the risk factors for breast cancer?

There are several risk factors for breast cancer, some of which are modifiable and others that are not.

Here are some of the most common risk factors:

1. Age: The risk of developing breast cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in women over the age of 50.

2. Family history: Having a close relative, such as a mother, sister, or daughter, with breast cancer increases your risk.

3. Genetic mutations: Certain inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk of developing breast cancer.

4. Reproductive history: Early menarche (start of menstruation), late menopause, and having no children or having the first child after age 30 can increase the risk.

5. Hormone replacement therapy: Long-term use of combined estrogen and progesterone hormone therapy after menopause can increase the risk.

6. Alcohol consumption: Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer.

7. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk, especially after menopause.

8. Physical activity: Lack of physical activity can increase the risk.

9. Radiation exposure: Exposure to high doses of radiation, particularly during childhood, can increase the risk.

10. Breast density: Women with dense breasts have a higher risk of developing breast cancer.

11. Menstrual history: Women who started menstruating early (before age 12) or went through menopause late (after age 55) have a slightly higher risk.

12. Breastfeeding: Women who have never breastfed have a slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer.

It is important to note that having one or more risk factors does not mean that a person will definitely develop breast cancer, and not having any risk factors does not guarantee that a person will not develop breast cancer.

However, understanding these risk factors can help individuals make informed decisions about their health and potentially reduce their risk.

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