Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zimene zingachititse kuti munthu akhale ndi matenda a mtima?
Pali zinthu zingapo zimene zingayambitse matenda a mtima, kuphatikizapo:
1. Zaka: Chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima chimawonjezeka ndi msinkhu, makamaka pambuyo pa zaka 45 kwa amuna ndi 55 kwa akazi.
2. Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol: Kuchuluka kwa LDL (cholesterol yoipa) ndi kuchepa kwa HDL (cholesterol yabwino) kungawonjezere chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima.
3. Kuthamanga kwa magazi: Kuthamanga kwa magazi kosalamulirika kungawononge mitsempha ya magazi ndipo kungawonjezere chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima.
4. Matenda a shuga: Anthu amene ali ndi matenda a shuga amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a mtima chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya magazi chifukwa cha shuga wambiri m'magazi.
5. Kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri: Kunenepa kwambiri kungawonjezere chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima mwa kuchititsa zinthu zina zoopsa monga kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi matenda a shuga.
6. Kusoŵa maseŵera olimbitsa thupi: Kusoŵa maseŵera olimbitsa thupi kungathandize kuti munthu akhale ndi matenda a mtima ndipo kungawonjezere chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima.
7. Kusuta fodya: Kusuta fodya n'kumene kumayambitsa matenda a mtima, chifukwa kumawononga mitsempha ya magazi ndipo kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kuphulika kwa magazi.
8. Mbiri ya m'banja: Mbiri ya m'banja ya matenda a mtima ingawonjezere chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima.
9. Atrial fibrillation: Uku ndi kugunda kwa mtima kosasinthasintha kumene kungawonjezere chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko.
10. Kuvulala kwa mtima kapena sitiroko m'mbuyomu: Anthu amene avutika ndi sitiroko kapena sitiroko m'mbuyomu amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi sitiroko ina.
11. Kupanikizika: Kupanikizika kosatha kungachititse kuti munthu akhale ndi matenda a mtima ndipo kungawonjezere chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima.
Matenda a autoimmune: Matenda monga lupus ndi rheumatoid arthritis angawonjezere chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima mwa akazi.
Mavuto azaumoyo okhudzana ndi mimba: Akazi amene ali ndi matenda a shuga kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi pa nthawi ya mimba amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a mtima pambuyo pake m'moyo.
14. Mlingo wotsika wa estrogen: Akazi amene adutsa m'nyengo ya kusamba kapena amene anachotsedwa chiberekero amakhala ndi mlingo wotsika wa estrogen, umene ungawonjezere chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima poyerekezera ndi akazi amene sanachokepo.
Nkofunika kudziŵa kuti ngakhale kuti zinthu zina zoopsa, monga msinkhu ndi mbiri ya banja, sizingasinthidwe, zina zambiri zingasinthidwe mwa kusintha moyo ndi kuchiza matenda.
Kafukufuku wokhazikika, kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthaŵi zonse, kusiya kusuta fodya, ndi kuthana ndi matenda aakulu monga kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi matenda a shuga zingathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais: a street-intercept survey method. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010, 16 (5): 492-8.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Zawiah M, Elnaem MH, Mohamed Ibrahim MI: Awareness of the Risk Factors for Heart Attack Among the General Public in Pahang, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020, 13 (): 3089-3102.
Fussman C, Rafferty AP, Reeves MJ, Zackery S, Lyon-Callo S, Anderson B: Racial disparities in knowledge of stroke and heart attack risk factors and warning signs among Michigan adults. Ethn Dis. 2009, 19 (2): 128-34.
Ahmed AAA, Al-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Fata Nahas AR: Development of questionnaire on awareness and action towards symptoms and risk factors of heart attack and stroke among a Malaysian population. BMC Public Health. 2019, 19 (1): 1300.
Hwang SY, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Korean immigrants' knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors. J Immigr Minor Health. 2008, 10 (1): 67-72.
Fukuoka Y, Oh YJ: Perceived Heart Attack Likelihood in Adults with a High Diabetes Risk. Heart Lung. , 52 (): 42-47.
Poomsrikaew O, Ryan CJ, Zerwic JJ: Knowledge of heart attack symptoms and risk factors among native Thais. West J Nurs Res. 2009, 31 (8): 1088-9.
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Chonde dziŵani kuti ma neural net amene amapanga mayankho a mafunso, ndi osayenerera makamaka pankhani ya manambala. Mwachitsanzo, chiŵerengero cha anthu odwala matenda enaake.
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What are the risk factors for heart attack?
There are several risk factors for heart attack, including:
1. Age: The risk of heart attack increases with age, especially after the age of 45 for men and 55 for women.
2. High cholesterol levels: High levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol can increase the risk of heart attack.
3. High blood pressure: Uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage the arteries and increase the risk of heart attack.
4. Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of heart attack due to the damage high blood sugar can cause to blood vessels.
5. Being overweight or obese: Excess weight can increase the risk of heart attack by contributing to other risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
6. Not exercising: Lack of physical activity can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
7. Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart attack, as it damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of blood clots.
8. Family history: A family history of heart disease can increase the risk of heart attack.
9. Atrial fibrillation: This is an irregular heart rhythm that can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.
10. Previous heart attack or stroke: People who have had a previous heart attack or stroke are at a higher risk of having another one.
11. Stress: Chronic stress can contribute to the development of heart disease and increase the risk of heart attack.
12. Autoimmune conditions: Conditions such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can increase the risk of heart disease in women.
13. Pregnancy-related health problems: Women who develop gestational diabetes or hypertension during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing heart disease later in life.
14. Low estrogen levels: Women who have gone through menopause or had a hysterectomy have lower levels of estrogen, which can increase their risk of heart disease compared to women who have not.
It is important to note that while some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed, many others can be managed through lifestyle changes and medical interventions.
Regular check-ups, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and managing chronic conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes can help reduce the risk of heart attack.
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