Kodi pathophysiology ya matenda a mtima ndi yotani?
Matenda a mtima, omwe amadziwikanso kuti myocardial infarction, amaphatikizapo kusokonezeka kwa kayendedwe ka magazi ku mbali ya minofu ya mtima, zomwe zimatsogolera ku imfa ya maselo a mtima.
Kaŵirikaŵiri zimenezi zimachitika chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa mitsempha ya m'mitsempha ya m'mitsempha chifukwa cha kuundana kwa magazi, kumene kaŵirikaŵiri kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda a atherosclerosis, matenda amene amachititsa kuti mitsempha ya m'mitsempha ikhale ndi miyala.
Mankhwalawa amapangidwa ndi cholesterol, mafuta, zinyalala za m'maselo, calcium, ndi fibrin.
Pamene plaque ikuphulika, imatha kuyambitsa kuundana kwa magazi, komwe kumatha kutseka mitsempha ndipo kumalepheretsa magazi okhala ndi okosijeni kufikira minofu ya mtima.
Kusoŵa kwa mpweya wa okosijeni kumeneku kumachititsa maselo a minofu ya mtima kufa, kuchititsa matenda a mtima.
Kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kumadalira pa kukula kwa malo operekedwa ndi mitsempha yotsekedwa ndi nthaŵi pakati pa kuukira ndi chithandizo.
Zizindikiro za matenda a mtima zingaphatikizepo kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kusasangalala, kupuma pang'ono, nseru, chizungulire, ndi kupweteka m'manja, m'khosi, pa nsagwada, kapena kumbuyo.
Chithandizo cha matenda a mtima kaŵirikaŵiri chimaphatikizapo kubwezeretsa kayendedwe ka magazi ku minofu ya mtima mwamsanga, mwina mwa kumwa mankhwala kapena njira monga angioplasty ndi stenting kapena opaleshoni ya coronary artery bypass.
Nkofunika kuzindikira kuti pathophysiology ya matenda a mtima ndi yovuta ndipo imaphatikizapo zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo chibadwa, moyo, ndi zinthu zachilengedwe.
Zinthu zimene zingayambitse matenda a mtima ndi monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, kusuta fodya, matenda a shuga, kunenepa kwambiri, kusachita maseŵera olimbitsa thupi, ndi kukhala ndi matenda a mtima m'banja.
Kuyang'anira zinthu zoopsa zimenezi kungathandize kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa matenda a mtima.
Scott J: Pathophysiology and biochemistry of cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2004, 14 (3): 271-9.
Liu Chung Ming C, Sesperez K, Ben-Sefer E, Arpon D, McGrath K, McClements L, Gentile C: Considerations to Model Heart Disease in Women with Preeclampsia and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells. 2021, 10 (4): .
Hansen J, Victor RG: Direct measurement of sympathetic activity: new insights into disordered blood pressure regulation in chronic renal failure. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1994, 3 (6): 636-43.
LaMacchia JC, Roth MB: Aquaporins-2 and -4 regulate glycogen metabolism and survival during hyposmotic-anoxic stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2015, 309 (2): C92-6.
Tham YK, Bernardo BC, Ooi JY, Weeks KL, McMullen JR: Pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure: signaling pathways and novel therapeutic targets. Arch Toxicol. 2015, 89 (9): 1401-38.
Lonn E: The clinical relevance of pharmacological blood pressure lowering mechanisms. Can J Cardiol. 2004, 20 Suppl B (): 83B-88B.
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What is pathophysiology of heart attack?
The pathophysiology of a heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, involves the disruption of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle, leading to the death of heart cells.
This typically occurs due to the obstruction of a coronary artery by a blood clot, which is often the result of atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries.
The plaque is made up of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin.
When a plaque ruptures, it can cause a blood clot to form, which can block the artery and prevent oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart muscle.
This lack of oxygen causes the heart muscle cells to die, leading to a heart attack.
The extent of the damage depends on the size of the area supplied by the blocked artery and the time between the attack and treatment.
Symptoms of a heart attack can include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, lightheadedness, and pain in the arms, neck, jaw, or back.
Treatment for a heart attack usually involves restoring blood flow to the heart muscle as quickly as possible, either through medication or procedures such as angioplasty and stenting or coronary artery bypass surgery.
It is important to note that the pathophysiology of a heart attack is complex and involves multiple factors, including genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors.
Risk factors for heart attack include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, lack of physical activity, and a family history of heart disease.
Managing these risk factors can help reduce the likelihood of experiencing a heart attack.
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