Kodi pathophysiology ya khansa ya prostate ndi yotani?
Pathophysiology ya khansa ya prostate imatanthauza njira ndi njira zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko ndi kupita patsogolo kwa matendawa.
Khansa ya prostate ndi chotupa choipa chimene chimachokera m'maselo a prostate gland, imene ndi chiwalo chaching'ono chofanana ndi mtedza chimene chili pansi pa chikhodzodzo mwa amuna.
Prostate gland imatulutsa madzi a umuna, amene amadyetsa ndi kunyamula umuna.
Sitikudziŵa bwinobwino chimene chimayambitsa khansa ya prostate, koma pali zinthu zingapo zimene zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi matendawa.
Zimenezi zikuphatikizapo msinkhu, mbiri ya banja, fuko, ndi kusintha kwa majini ena.
Khansa ya prostate imapezeka kaŵirikaŵiri mwa amuna achikulire, ndipo milandu yambiri imachitika mwa amuna a zaka zoposa 65.
Kuwonjezera apo, amuna amene ali ndi mbiri ya m'banja ya khansa ya prostate ali pa chiopsezo chowonjezeka, monganso amuna a ku Africa a ku America ndi amuna a ku Caribbean.
Pathophysiology ya khansa ya prostate imaphatikizapo kukula kosalamulirika ndi kugawanika kwa maselo mkati mwa prostate gland.
Izi zingachitike chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini komwe kumabweretsa kuwonjezereka kwa zinthu zina zakukula kapena kulepheretsa majini oletsa zotupa.
Pamene chotupacho chikukula, chingaloŵe m'matumbo ndi m'ziwalo zoyandikana nazo, monga chikhodzodzo, rectum, ndi ma lymph node oyandikana nawo.
Nthaŵi zina, maselo a khansa amatha kuchoka pa chotupa choyambirira n'kufalikira ku mbali zina za thupi kupyolera m'magazi kapena m'mitsempha ya lymphatic, ndipo zimenezi zimatchedwa kuti metastasis.
Khansa ya prostate ingakhudzidwenso ndi zinthu za mahomoni, makamaka mahomoni a androgen a testosterone.
Testosterone imatha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa ya prostate, ndipo mankhwala ambiri a khansa ya prostate amafuna kuchepetsa mlingo wa hormone imeneyi kapena kuletsa zotsatira zake.
Mwachidule, pathophysiology ya khansa ya prostate imaphatikizapo kukula kosalamulirika ndi kugawanika kwa maselo mkati mwa prostate gland, zomwe zingakhudzidwe ndi majini, mahomoni, ndi zinthu zachilengedwe.
Zobniw CM, Causebrook A, Fong MK: Clinical use of abiraterone in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Res Rep Urol. 2014, 6 (): 97-105.
Lim HY, Agarwal AM, Agarwal N, Ward JH: Recurrent epistaxis as a presenting sign of androgen-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer. Singapore Med J. 2009, 50 (5): e178-80.
Kohli M, Qin R, Jimenez R, Dehm SM: Biomarker-based targeting of the androgen-androgen receptor axis in advanced prostate cancer. Adv Urol. 2012, 2012 (): 781459.
Nelson JB, Hedican SP, George DJ, Reddi AH, Piantadosi S, Eisenberger MA, Simons JW: Identification of endothelin-1 in the pathophysiology of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Nat Med. 1995, 1 (9): 944-9.
Msaouel P, Nandikolla G, Pneumaticos SG, Koutsilieris M: Bone microenvironment-targeted manipulations for the treatment of osteoblastic metastasis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2013, 22 (11): 1385-400.
Kotani K, Sekine Y, Ishikawa S, Ikpot IZ, Suzuki K, Remaley AT: High-density lipoprotein and prostate cancer: an overview. J Epidemiol. 2013, 23 (5): 313-9.
Jadvar H: Molecular imaging of prostate cancer: a concise synopsis. Mol Imaging. , 8 (2): 56-64.
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Chonde titumizireni imelo ndi funso / lingaliro lililonse.
What is pathophysiology of prostate cancer?
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer refers to the underlying mechanisms and processes that lead to the development and progression of the disease.
Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that arises from the cells of the prostate gland, which is a small, walnut-shaped organ located below the bladder in men.
The prostate gland produces seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm.
The exact cause of prostate cancer is not fully understood, but several factors are known to increase the risk of developing the disease.
These include age, family history, race, and certain genetic mutations.
Prostate cancer is more common in older men, with the majority of cases occurring in men over the age of 65.
Additionally, men with a family history of prostate cancer are at an increased risk, as are African American men and men of Caribbean descent.
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland.
This can occur due to genetic mutations that lead to the overexpression of certain growth factors or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes.
These mutations can result in the unregulated growth of cells, leading to the formation of a tumor.
As the tumor grows, it can invade nearby tissues and organs, such as the bladder, rectum, and nearby lymph nodes.
In some cases, cancer cells can break away from the primary tumor and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, a process known as metastasis.
Once the cancer has spread, it can be more difficult to treat.
Prostate cancer can also be influenced by hormonal factors, particularly the androgen hormone testosterone.
Testosterone can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells, and many treatments for prostate cancer aim to reduce the levels of this hormone or block its effects.
In summary, the pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland, which can be influenced by genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease is crucial for developing effective treatments and improving outcomes for patients with prostate cancer.
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